ORCOM

• Logical organization - defined as all aspects of your writing that help the reader moves smoothly from one sentence to the next.
• Introduction - it is the most crucial part of the speech, generally only 10 to 15 percent of the time.
• Problem-Solution Order - it explains the problem and suggests a possible solution.
• Chronological Order - a historical or time approach which is from the past to the present. It presents ideas in time order.
• Comparison and Contrast Order - It presents comparison and contrast of two or three points.
• Spatial/Geographical Order - Going from one place to another, from one direction to another.
• Causal Order - It involves a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue.
• Conclusion - It functions as the summarizer of the entire speech.
• Duration - it is the time and length of your speech
• 20 minutes - it is the ideal length of speech
• Word choice - it is a lot of vocabularies available to describe one's idea.
• Jargons - it is a specific words or phrases used by a certain individual or group
• Grammatical correctness - it is to prevent misunderstanding and misinterpretation between you and your audience
• Grammar inconsistencies - it slow down the communication process and generate negative impressions for audience
• Cohen - states that it is bound by implicit rules that require strategies to be able to start and maintain conversation.
• Communicative strategies - It minimmizes a breakdown in communication
• Nomination - It happens at the start of a discussion or speech, the topis must be identified or nominated
• Restriction - It must restrict the topic discussion to make it specific enough to be manageable.
• Turn-taking - it is the process by which the people decide who takes the controversational floor
• Topic control - It is when the speaker focus on the topic without straying into other discussions
• Topic shifting - it involves moving from one topic to another.
• Repair - it is how the speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending
• Termination - it refers to the conversation participants' close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation
• Speech acts - It is when a person offers an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal.
• John Austin - He is a philosopher of language and the developer of the speech act theory. He also coined the term "speech act"
• Locutionary act - It is about the basic meaning of what someone says
• Illocutionary act - it is about the intention behind what someone says
• Perlocutionary act - it is about the effect that a speaker's word
• John Searle - he categorizes illocutionary acts into five distinct categories
• Assertive - It is to convey information
• Directive - it is to make the listener do something
• Commissive - it is to commit to future action
• Expressive - it is to express feelings or emotions
• Declarative - it is to cause change by just saying it
• Speech styles - they are patterns of speaking characterized by distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, intent, participants, and grammatical structures.
• Martin Joos - he claimed the existence of five kinds of speech styles
• Intimate - it is used between people who have very close relationships
• Casual - It is an informal communication between groups and peers who have something to share and have shared background information
• Consultative - It is used in semi-formal and standard communication
• Formal - it is one-way straightforward speech, called upon when speaking in formal setting