Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis Symbol Equation

  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
• Endothermic Reaction


  A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, requiring energy to proceed.
• Role of Light in Photosynthesis

  Provides energy for photosynthesis, with specific wavelengths and intensity affecting the rate.
• Role of Chlorophyll in Photosynthesis

  Absorbs light energy, transferring it to other molecules, and plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions.
• Adaptations of the Leaf

  Shape and structure, surface features, internal features, and functions that allow the leaf to carry out photosynthesis and regulate water loss.
• Glucose Utilization in Plants

  Glucose is used to produce starch, fats, oils, cellulose, and amino acids through various enzymes and pathways, providing energy, structural support, and other functions in plant cells.
• Nitrate Ions in Plants

  Nitrate ions are absorbed from the soil, reduced to ammonia, and used to synthesize glutamine and proteins, which are essential for plant growth and development.
• Factors Affecting Photosynthesis


  Light intensity, temperature, CO2 concentration, water availability, oxygen concentration, pH, salinity, and nutrient availability all affect the rate of photosynthesis.
• Limiting Factor


  A factor that restricts or limits the rate of a biological process, such as photosynthesis, growth, or reproduction, due to a lack of availability or sufficient amounts.
• how can plant diseases affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  unhealthy plants may lack chlorophyll = cannot absorb as much sunlight = rate of photosynthesis decreases = not as much oxygen and glucose is produced = less respiration and stunted growth
• definition of horticulture 


  cultivating plants in gardens for food, medicine or ornamental reasons
• describe hydroponics+ advantages

  plants grown in water with nutrients vertically

  multiple layers of plants = maximise cultivation

  better use of space

  maximises food, water, growth for plant
• What are some advantages of growing crops in artificial environments?

  control limiting factors

  saves space

  monitor diseases

  growth rates less affected

  control many factors
• What are some disadvantages of growing crops in artificial environments?

  wild has natural variation

  expensive

  energy costs

  loss of biodiversity

  disease spreads easily
• what is the word equation for photosynthesis

  carbon dioxide + water ->glucose +oxygen