states of matter

• What is matter?

  Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• What are the three main states of matter?

  - Solid: Has a fixed shape and volume. - Liquid: Has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. - Gas: Has no fixed shape or volume and expands to fill its container.
• How do ice, water, and steam relate to the states of matter?

  They are all the same substance (H2O) in different states.
• What is the particle arrangement in solids?

  Particles are tightly packed in a regular, fixed pattern.
• How do particles behave in liquids?

  Particles are close together but can move around each other.
• What is the arrangement of particles in gases?

  Particles are far apart and move randomly.
• What is the movement of particles in solids?

  Particles vibrate in fixed positions.
• How do particles move in liquids?

  Particles can rotate and move past each other.
• What is the movement of particles in gases?

  Particles move freely in all directions at high speeds.
• How does the speed of particle movement change from solids to gases?

  The speed and freedom of movement increase from solids to liquids to gases.
• What are the state changes that occur with energy changes?

  - Melting: Solid to liquid (energy added) - Freezing: Liquid to solid (energy removed) - Vaporization: Liquid to gas (energy added) - Condensation: Gas to liquid (energy removed) - Sublimation: Solid to gas (energy added) - Deposition: Gas to solid (energy removed)
• What happens during melting?


  A solid changes to a liquid when energy is added.
• What occurs during freezing?

  A liquid changes to a solid when energy is removed.
• What is vaporization?

  A liquid changes to a gas when energy is added.
• What happens during condensation?

  A gas changes to a liquid when energy is removed.
• What occurs during deposition?

  A gas changes to a solid when energy is removed.
• What is sublimation?

  A solid changes to a gas when energy is added.
• How does energy affect particle movement and arrangement during state changes?

  - Adding energy increases particle movement and spreads them apart. - Removing energy decreases particle movement and brings them closer together.
• What happens to water when energy is removed by putting it in a freezer?

  It freezes into ice.
• What is evaporation in everyday life?

  Wet clothes drying in the sun (liquid to gas).
• What is condensation in everyday life?

  Water droplets on a cold drink (gas to liquid).
• What is freezing in everyday life?

  Water turning to ice in winter (liquid to solid).
• What is sublimation in everyday life?

  Dry ice changing directly to gas (solid to gas).
• How do temperature changes affect state changes in everyday life?

  When it's hot, things tend to melt or evaporate; when it's cold, things tend to freeze or condense.
• What is deposition in everyday life?

  Gas changing directly to solid (e.g., frost forming).
• What state change occurs when water droplets form on a cold glass of lemonade?

  Condensation (gas to liquid).
• What state change occurs when puddles disappear after rain?

  Evaporation (liquid to gas).
• What state change occurs when ice cream melts on a hot day?

  Melting (solid to liquid).
• What state change occurs when water freezes in an ice tray?

  Freezing (liquid to solid).
• What state change occurs when fog forms on a cold morning?

  Condensation (gas to liquid).