Geography words

• Birth rate- the number of live births per 1000 people per year
• Commonwealth- The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 53 independent and equal sovereign states, which were mostly territories of the former British Empire. It is home to 2.2 billion citizens. Member states have no legal obligation to one another. Instead, they are united by language, history, culture, and their shared values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
• Death rate- the number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
• De-industrialisation- the decline of manufacturing industry in a country due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs.
• Demographic Transition Model- A model that describes the relationship between population size and age structure and the rate of change in the population
• Development- The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare
• Development gap- the difference between the level of development of a country and the level of development of other countries
• Fair trade- When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce. Often this is from farm products like cocoa, coffee or cotton. The better price improves income and reduces exploitation
• Globalisation-The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide
• Gross National Income-A measurement of economic activity that is calculated by dividing the gross (total) national income by the size of the population. GNI takes into account not just the value of goods and services, but also the income earned from investments overseas
• Human Developement Index- A measure of the quality of life of a country's citizens.
• Industrial structure- The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)
• Infant mortality- the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births
• Information technologies- the use of computers, telecommunications, and other electronic devices to store, retrieve, and process information
• Intermediate technologies-the simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs 

   
• International aid- money given to a country by another country to help them with development projects
• Life expectancy- the average number of years a person is expected to live.
• Literacy rate- the percentage of the population that can read and write.
• Microfinance loans- Very small loans which are given to people in the LICs to help them start a small business
• North-south divide(UK)-Economic and cultural differences between Southern England (the South-East, Greater London, the South-West and parts of the East) and Northern England (the North-East, West and Yorkshire and the Humber). There are clear differences in health conditions, house prices, earnings, and political influence
• Post-industrial economy- The economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries.
• Science and business parks- Business Parks are purpose built areas of offices and warehouses, often at the edge of a city and on a main road. Science parks are often located near university sites, and high-tech industries are established. Scientific research and commercial development may be carried out in co-operation with the university
• Service industries (tertiary industries)- services that are provided to customers, such as banking, insurance, and retailing
• Trade-The buying and selling of goods and services between countries

   
• Transnational Corporation (TNC)- A company that operates in more than one country.
• European Union- A group of countries that have agreed to work together to make decisions that affect their citizens.
• What is the birth rate?

  The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.
• How many independent states are in the Commonwealth?

  53 independent and equal sovereign states.
• What unites the member states of the Commonwealth?

  Language, history, culture, and shared values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
• What is the death rate?

  The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.
• What is de-industrialisation?

  The decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets, and competition from NEEs.
• What does the Demographic Transition Model show?

  How populations should change over time in terms of their birth rates, death rates, and total population size.
• How is development defined?


  The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology, and human welfare.
• What is the development gap?

  The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries.
• How many countries are in the European Union?

  28 European countries.
• What is the purpose of the European Union?

  To reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.
• What is Fairtrade?

  When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce.
• What does globalisation refer to?

  The process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods and people worldwide.
• What is Gross National Income (GNI)?

  A measurement of economic activity calculated by dividing the gross national income by the size of the population.
• What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

  It combines GDP per capita, life expectancy, and adult literacy to give an overview of development.