Ap biology

Created by

Uche Uchunor

Cards (44)

What is the primary structure of a protein?
The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein
How does the primary structure of a protein determine its characteristics?
It determines the unique characteristics of the protein
What are proteins made up of? 
One or more long chains of amino acids
What is quaternary structure in proteins?
The complex structure formed when two or more polypeptide chains assemble into a single functional unit
What are amino acids?
Building blocks of proteins
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The repetitive folding patterns of a protein that arise from hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms of the polypeptide chains
What are simple sugars also known as?
Monosaccharides
What are branch polysaccharides used for in plants?
As an energy storage substance
What characterizes steroids? 
A carbon skeleton with four fused rings
What are triglycerides composed of?
Three fatty acids linked to three hydroxyl (-OH) groups
What is the magnification in microscopy? 
The ratio of an object's image size to its real size
What does resolution in microscopy refer to?
The measure of clarity of an image, or the minimal distance between two distinguishable points
What are the two types of electron microscopes mentioned?
Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
It contains most of the cell's genes
What surrounds the nucleus?
The nuclear envelope
What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?
It is a double membrane, each containing a lipid bilayer
What are the four major features of cells?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, ribosomes
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles
What is the function of ribosomes? 
To synthesize proteins
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth ER and Rough ER
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem? 
They break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients
What is the carrying capacity of an environment?
The maximum amount of individuals that can live in the area due to resources
What is the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems?
It contributes to ecosystem stability and resilience
How do trophic levels function in an ecosystem?
They represent the energy levels of individuals from the bottom of the food chain
What is photosynthesis? 
The process of using sunlight, CO2, and H2O to produce sugars
What is cellular respiration?
The process of breaking down sugars to release energy needed for life processes
What is the fluid mosaic model?
A model describing the structure of the cell membrane
What components make up the cell membrane?
Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates
What is the function of the cell wall?
Protection, support, and maintaining structure in plant cells
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
It is a semi-permeable barrier that allows the passage of substances
What is the role of the cytoplasm?
It is the fluid between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
What is the significance of ribosomes in cells?
They are essential for protein synthesis
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
It is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport
How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in terms of structure?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not
What is the role of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
It contains the cell's genetic material
What is the structure of chromosomes?
They are made up of DNA and proteins
What happens during mitosis?
Chromosomes are separated during cell division
How do the functions of red and white blood cells differ?
Red blood cells transport oxygen, while white blood cells provide immunity