Basic Concepts

• What is the scientific study of plants called?

  Botany
• What does botany include in its study?

  It includes the structure, properties, biochemical processes, classification, and interactions of plants with their environment.
• What is Pharmaceutical Botany?

  It is the botany of drugs, spices, dye, and poisonous plants.
• Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy?

  Carolus Linnaeus
• What is the Binomial System of Nomenclature?

  It is a system of naming organisms.
• What is the taxonomy classification of a rice plant?

  • Domain: Eukaryota
  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Spermatophyta
  • Class: Monocotyledonae
  • Order: Poales
  • Family: Poaceae
  • Genus: Oryza
  • Species: Sativa
• Why do we study Botany?

  To obtain oxygen from plants and to gain energy to do work.
• What are the steps of the scientific method in botanical research?

  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Collect and analyze results
  6. Conclusion
  7. Communicate the results
• What is natural selection?

  It is the process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce.
• Who proposed the Theory of Evolution?

  Charles Darwin
• What does "survival of the fittest" mean?

  It refers to the process where members of a population that are better adapted to survive and reproduce replace those that are not.
• What are the three domains of all organisms?

  1. Domain Bacteria
  2. Domain Archaea
  3. Domain Eukarya or Eukaryota
• What are the classifications of the Plant Kingdom?

  1. Nonvascular plants (e.g., mosses)
  2. Vascular Plants without seeds (e.g., ferns)
  3. Vascular Plants with naked seeds (e.g., gymnosperms)
  4. Vascular Plants with seeds enclosed within a fruit (e.g., angiosperms)
• How many plant species are there approximately?

  288,000 plant species
• What are the three types of adaptations in plants?

  Structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations.
• What are some DOH approved medicinal plants and their uses?

  1. Sambong - diuretic, treats kidney stones
  2. Akapulko - antifungal for skin infections
  3. Niyog-niyogan - anthelmintic for intestinal parasites
  4. Tsaang Gubat - gastrointestinal disorders
  5. Ampalaya - blood sugar-lowering
  6. Lagundi - respiratory ailments
  7. Ulasimang Bato - anti-inflammatory
  8. Bawang - antibacterial, anti-hypertensive
  9. Bayabas - antiseptic for wounds

  10. Yerba Buena - analgesic for body aches
• What are the uses of Luyang Dilaw (Turmeric)?

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Reduces high blood sugar
  • Strengthens the immune system
  • Prevents cancer
• What are the uses of Malunggay (Moringa)?

  • Lactating women
  • Cardiac and circulatory function
  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-tumor
  • Anti-epileptic
  • Anti-ulcer
  • Diuretic
  • Anti-hypertensive
  • Cholesterol-lowering
  • Anti-diabetic
  • Antibacterial
  • Antifungal
• What are the uses of Luya (Ginger)?

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antimicrobial
  • Antihypertensive
  • Cholesterol-lowering
  • Cancer prevention
• What are the uses of Mangosteen?

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antibacterial
  • Antifungal
  • Anti-allergy
  • Anti-diabetic
  • Anti-cancer
  • Immune booster
  • Regulates blood pressure and heart rate
• What are the uses of Bignay?

  • Antioxidant
  • Antidiabetic
  • Immune booster
  • Improves metabolism
  • Laxative
  • Antimicrobial
  • Lowers cholesterol
  • Anti-aging
  • Supports cardiovascular health
  • Regulates blood pressure
  • Reduces cancer risk
• What are the uses of Lemon grass?

  • Constipation
  • Bloating
  • Indigestion
  • Antimicrobial
  • Analgesic
  • Insect repellent
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antibacterial
  • Reduces cancer risk
• What are the uses of Sili (Chili pepper)?

  • Chronic pain (rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antifungal
  • Anti-diabetic
• What are the uses of Black mulberry?

  • Antioxidants
  • Combats cancer
  • Aging
  • Inflammation
  • Diabetes
  • Decreases stroke risk
• What are the uses of Tawa-tawa?

  • Lowers blood pressure
  • Antibacterial
  • Antifungal
  • Cures diarrhea
  • Relaxing agent
  • Increases platelet production
  • Treats asthma and bronchitis
  • Addresses skin problems
• What is the basic unit of life?

  Cell
• Who coined the term "cell"?

  Robert Hooke
• What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek describe?

  Cells (bacteria) in pond water.
• What did Robert Brown discover?

  The nucleus in plant cells.
• What did Matthias Jakob Schleiden describe about cells?

  He described the cell as the basic building block of all plant matter.
• What did Theodor Schwann conclude about cells?

  He concluded that the cell is the basic unit of life in animals.
• Who first used the term "protoplasm"?

  Hugo von Mohl
• What did Rudolf Virchow demonstrate?

  That cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• What did Louis Pasteur contribute to microbiology?

  He made significant contributions to the causes and prevention of diseases.
• What did Jan Evangelista Purkinje name within the cell?

  He named the living substance within the cell "protoplasm".
• Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

  Louis Pasteur
• What are the principles of Cell Theory?

  • All living things are made of cells.
  • Cells are the basic units of life.
  • Cells come from pre-existing cells.
• What are the two types of cells based on the number of cells?

  • Multicellular
  • Unicellular
• What are the basic cell types?

  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
• What is the first cell type on Earth?

  Prokaryote