Synaptic Transmission

• what are the steps of synaptic transmission

  action potential reaches axon

  membrane depolarised

  voltage gated calcium channel open

  calcium influx causes vesicles to release neurotransmitter

  neurotransmitter binds to receptor
• what is it called when the synapse is between an axon and a dendrite

  axodendritic
• what is it called when the synapse is between an axon and a soma

  axosomatic
• what is it called when the synapse is between an axon and another axon

  axoaxonic
• what is it called when the synapse is between an dendrite and another dendrite

  dendrodenritic
• what is it called when the synapse is between a dendrite and a soma

  dendrosomatic
• what are the 2 types of synapses

  chemical

  electrical
• what does ionotropic mean

  gated ion channels
• what does metabotropic mean

  activating a second messenger
• what is the second messenger called

  G protein coupled receptor
• how do second messengers work

  open specific ion channels

  activate cAMP or cGMP

  activating intracellular enzymes

  activating gene transcription
• what are the steps for an excitatory receptor

  opening sodium channels causing positive charge

  depress conduction of chloride or potassium

  changed internal metabolism
• what are the steps for an inhibitory receptor

  opens chloride channels causing negative charge

  increases diffusion of potassium outside

  activates receptor enzymes
• what does EPSPs stand for

  excitatory postsynaptic potential
• what does IPSPs stand for

  inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
• what is spacial summation

  2+ presynaptic inputs arrive at postsynaptic cell simultaneously
• what is temporal summation

  2 presynaptic inputs arrive at postsynaptic cell in rapid succession
• what is facilitation

  when a neuron is close to leaving the presynaptic knob the stimulus is enhanced
• what happens when a synapse becomes fatigued

  decreased firing rate

  exhaustion of stores of neurotransmitters
• what is the effect of alkalosis on synapses

  increased neuronal excitability
• what can alkalosis of a synapse cause

  cerebral seizures
• what is the effect of acidosis on a synapse

  depresses neuronal activity
• what can acidosis of synapses cause

  coma
• what is the effect of hypoxia on synapses

  inexcitability of neurones
• what is the effect of drugs on synapses

  stimulates or depresses response
• what is synaptic delay

  minimum time required for neurotransmitters to diffuse across the gap (0.5 ms)
• what effect do amines have on the body

  excitatory response

  needed for memory and arousal
• what part does dopamine effect

  motivation and arousal
• what part does norepinephrine and epinephrine effect

  sleep, dreaming, attentiveness and memory
• what part does serotonin effect

  regulation of moods, sleep, nausea
• what part does histamine effect

  modulation of sleep cycle
• what part does glutamate effect

  response to pain

  tells you where the pain is
• what part does GABA effect

  mood control, memory and pain
• what part does opioid peptides effect

  causes excitatory response

  mood control, drug addiction
• what part does unconventional neurotransmitters effect

  regulates appetite, sleep and behaviour
• what causes parkinsons

  lack of dopamine
• what can help ADHD

  amphetamines
• what is an inhibitory synaptic transmission

  doesn't fire a neurotransmitter

  the body ignores pain
• what is an excitatory synaptic transmission

  neurotransmitter firing

  enhances pain
• ..

  A) axosomatic synapse

  B) cell body

  C) dendrites

  D) axoaxonic synapse

  E) axon

  F) axodendritic synapse