science

• What is heat defined as?

  Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another when the objects have different temperatures.
• How does heat relate to energy movement?

  Heat measures how energy is moving or flowing.
• In what units is heat measured?

  Heat is measured in Joules and the unit is "Calorie".
• What happens to particles when they are heated?

  Particles move about more and take up more room when heated, causing expansion.
• What are the states of matter that substances can change from when heated?

  Substances can change from solids to liquids to gases when heated.
• What occurs when two objects of different temperatures come into contact?

  Energy is always transferred from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object.
• What are the three types of heat transfer?

  • Conduction: transfer of heat through direct contact.
  • Convection: transfer of heat from particles of the same material.
  • Radiation: transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
• What is conduction in terms of heat transfer?

  Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact, where kinetic energy of molecules is passed from higher to lower temperature.
• Can you give an example of conduction?

  An example of conduction is heat transfer from fire to a pot and then from the pot to water.
• What is convection in terms of heat transfer?

  Convection is the transfer of heat from particles of the same material, such as water moving from the bottom to the top.
• What is radiation in terms of heat transfer?

  Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
• Can you give examples of radiation?

  Examples of radiation include heat from the sun, microwaves, and the sides of a campfire.
• What is the property of an object to resist any change in its state of motion called?

  Inertia
• According to Newton's First Law of Motion, what happens to a body at rest?

  A body at rest remains at rest unless acted on by a net external force
• How does mass affect an object's inertia?

  A more massive object has more inertia and is more difficult to change its state of motion
• What happens to a body when a bus suddenly stops?

  The body moves forward as if to continue moving due to inertia
• What is Newton's Second Law of Motion concerned with?

  It pertains to the behavior of objects when forces are not balanced
• How can Newton's Second Law of Motion be formally stated?

  The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass
• What are the two variables that affect the acceleration of an object according to Newton's Second Law?

  The net force acting on the object and the mass of the object
• What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?

  For every action, there is always an equal but opposite reaction
• What are the characteristics of action and reaction forces according to Newton's Third Law?

  They occur in pairs, are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and act on different bodies
• What happens to a pen attached to a string when the string is cut?

  The pen falls down because there is no force acting on it to counteract gravity
• What occurs when a vase is pushed across a surface?

  The vase moves due to the applied force but will not continue moving without continuous force
• How does an unbalanced force affect an object at rest?

  It causes the object to move in the direction of the unbalanced force
• What is energy defined as?

  Energy is defined as the ability to do work
• What is kinetic energy?


  Kinetic energy is energy in motion
• What is potential energy?

  Potential energy is energy that is stored and has the potential to do work
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?


  KE = $\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• Which factor has a more significant effect on kinetic energy, mass or velocity?

  Velocity has a more significant effect on kinetic energy
• What are the different types of kinetic energy based on the motion of particles?

  • Translational kinetic energy (same velocity for all particles)
  • Rotational kinetic energy (object is rotating)
  • Vibrational kinetic energy (object is vibrating)
  • Internal kinetic energy (relative to an internal frame of reference)
  • Thermal energy (associated with random molecular motion)
• What factors affect potential energy?

  • Mass of the object
  • Gravitational force
  • Height of the object relative to a reference point
• How does potential energy change when an object is moved to a higher position?

  • The potential energy increases as the height increases
• What happens to the potential energy of a rubber band when it is stretched and released?

  • It has potential energy when stretched and transforms to kinetic energy when released
• What is the relationship between work and energy in the context of a rubber band?

  • More work done on the rubber band means more energy is stored
• How does the position of an object affect its potential energy?

  • An object at a higher position has greater potential energy compared to one at a lower position
• What is the name of the scanner mentioned in the study material?

  AnyScanner