Metals and Non metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Most elements are metals found towards the bottom left of the table.
• What is a key feature of metals when they react?

  Metals form positive ions when they react.
• What type of ion does calcium form?

  Calcium forms a two plus ion.
• How do non-metals differ in ion formation compared to metals?

  Non-metals either don't form ions or form negative ions.
• Why do atoms need a full outer shell of electrons to be stable?

  Atoms are stable when they have a full outer shell of electrons.
• Why is it easier for calcium to lose its outer electrons compared to chlorine?

  Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell, making it easier to lose them than chlorine, which has seven.
• How does the position of an element in the periodic table affect its reactivity?

  Elements further down the table are more reactive because their outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus.
• What is the relationship between the number of electron shells and reactivity in metals?

  Metals with more electron shells tend to be more reactive.
• What is metallic bonding?

  Metallic bonding is a special type of bond that only metals have, characterized by strong attractions between positive ions and delocalized electrons.
• What are some physical properties of metals due to metallic bonding?

  Metals are strong, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have high melting and boiling points.
• What does it mean for a metal to be malleable?

  Malleable means that metals can be bent or hammered into shape without snapping.
• What is a characteristic of non-metals in terms of appearance?

  Non-metals tend to be dull in color.
• How do non-metals generally behave in terms of physical properties compared to metals?

  Non-metals are brittle, have low melting and boiling points, and are poor conductors of electricity.
• What are transition metals known for?


  Transition metals are known for having typical metal properties and can form more than one ion.
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  Transition metals make very good catalysts.
• What is a catalyst?


  A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up itself.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron is an important catalyst in the Haber process.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes.
• What are the key differences between metals and non-metals in terms of their properties?

  • Metals form positive ions; non-metals form negative ions or no ions.
  • Metals are malleable and ductile; non-metals are brittle.
  • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity; non-metals are poor conductors.
  • Metals have high melting and boiling points; non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points.
• What are the properties of transition metals compared to other metals?

  • Transition metals can form more than one ion.
  • Transition metals are often colored in their ionic forms.
  • Transition metals are effective catalysts.