Biology

• Centrioles


  Two hallow tubes at right angles to each other

  Make spindles in cell division
• Vesicles


  Small membrane-bound sacs for storing and transporting substances in the cell
• Lysosomes


  Enclosed by a single membrane

  It contains digestive enzymes

  Destroys old organelles/pathogens
• Golgi apparatus


  Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for transport

  a sack of membrane-bound flattened sacs
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  synthesis of lipids and transports of fatty materials
• RoughEndoplasmic Reticulum


  Flattened sacs with a membrane covered in ribosomes

  Proteins are made
• Ribosomes


  Make proteins
• Nucleolus


  Region of dense DNA

  produces ribosomes
• Nucleus


  Controls activities of cell

  Surrounded by double membrane

  Nuclear pores
• Cytoplasm


  Liquid that fills the cell

  Contains many dissolves substances

  Chemical reactions take place
• Plasma membrane


  Protects the cell from its surrounding

  Allows substances in and out

  (eg carbon dioxide)
• Mitochondria


  Where respiration occurs

  Surrounded by a double membrane
• Nucleoid


  Single circular length of DNA is folded
• Chloroplast


  Carries out photosynthesis to create food for the plant
• Amyloplast

  a colorless plant plastid that forms and stores starch
• Vacuole


  membrane-bound sac in the cytoplasm that contains sap
• plasmid


  carries genes that may benefit the survival of the organism small lops of DNA
• capsule


  protects the cell and prevents a slippery layer outside the cell wall of some species of bacteria
• tonoplast


  maintains turgor to ensure a rigid framework in the cell
• pits

  allows water to enter and leave xylem vessels pores in cell walls of the xylem
• plasmodesmata


  enables transport and communication between individual plant cell
• Gram-positive colour is 


  purple
• Gram-negative is


  pink