Unit 2

• What are International Economic Migrants?

  People who voluntarily move to another country to improve their standard of living
• What are the push factors for emigration?

  • Overcrowding
  • Crime
  • Natural Hazards
  • Unemployment
  • Conflicts
• What are the pull factors for immigration?

  • Safety
  • Jobs
  • Education
  • Democracy
  • Healthcare access
• What are diaspora communities?


  Communities that arise when a large number of people migrate, carrying their culture with them
• What was the first commonwealth diaspora to the UK?

  The Caribbean in 1948 on HMS Windrush with 492 passengers
• What did the British Nationality Act of 1948 enable?


  Citizens to migrate freely to commonwealth countries
• What did the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 do?


  Limited the movement of people in the commonwealth to those holding government-issued permits
• What are the positives of Polish economic migrants for the UK?

  • 28% of Polish employees worked in elementary occupations
  • 20% were in plant machine operatives
  • 92% were aged between 18 & 44
  • Male to female ratio was 60 : 40
• What are the negatives of Polish economic migrants for the UK?

  • Attacks on migrants
  • Stress on public services
  • Increased fly tipping
  • Public divisions
  • Loss of English culture
• What are the positives of Polish economic migrants for Poland?

  • £ 4 billion in remittances
  • Increased global relations
  • Better job opportunities for women
• What are the negatives of Polish economic migrants for Poland?

  • Divorce rate doubled
  • Brain Drain
  • Less tax collected
• What was the unemployment rate in Poland in 2015?

  18.2%
• What was the youth unemployment rate in Poland?

  Over 40%
• What were the pull factors for Polish migrants to the UK?

  • Immediate right to work
  • 4 - 5 times higher wages
  • English is a second language for many Poles
• How many people leave Bangladesh annually for jobs?

  500 000
• What percentage of those leaving Bangladesh for jobs in 2011 were men?


  95%
• What event in 1973 created a demand for jobs in the Middle East?


  The oil boom
• What are the push factors contributing to migration from Bangladesh?

  • Cyclones and floods ruining the fishing sector
  • Poor living conditions in Dhaka slums
  • Long distances to get water (5 hours walk)
  • Overcrowding
• What are the pull factors attracting migrants to other countries from Bangladesh?

  • Remittances
  • Better living standards
  • Visas permitted for pilgrimage visits
• What are the negative impacts of migration for Bangladesh?

  • Labour shortages
  • Loss of community
  • Gender imbalance
• What was the GDP per capita of Bangladesh in 2016?


  £ 4 000
• What was the GDP per capita of the UAE in 2016?


  £ 68 000
• What was the GDP per capita of the UK in 2016?


  £ 41 000
• What system did the Gulf states impose that affected workers' rights?

  The Kafala sponsorship system
• What is the gender ratio of men to women in the UAE? 2.2 men for every woman
• What issue did Qatar's labor camps cause for workers?


  Many workers died while being forced to work illegally
• Polish Case Study Facts:

  • Over 800,000 migrants moved from Eastern Europe to the UK between 2004 and 2007
  • 600,000 Poles were living in Britain according to the 2011 Census
  • 8 Countries (A8) joined the EU in 2004 and were given the right to work