Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

• What are reversible reactions indicated by in chemical equations?

  A double arrow
• What does the term 'equilibrium' refer to in reversible reactions?

  It refers to the point where the forward and backward reactions occur at the same rate.
• What happens to the rates of the forward and backward reactions as the reaction progresses?

  The forward reaction slows down while the backward reaction speeds up.
• What does it mean when a reaction is at equilibrium?

  It means that the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
• Can the concentrations of reactants and products be the same at equilibrium?

  No, they can be different while still being at equilibrium.
• What does it mean if the equilibrium lies to the right?

  It means there are more products than reactants.
• What effect does adding heat have on the position of equilibrium in a reaction?

  It encourages the forward reaction, shifting equilibrium to the right.
• What is required for equilibrium to be reached in a reversible reaction?


  The reaction must occur in a closed system.
• What is the relationship between reversible reactions and energy changes?

  One direction is always exothermic and the other is endothermic.
• What happens to hydrated copper sulfate when heated?

  It undergoes thermal decomposition to form anhydrous copper sulfate and water.
• What occurs when water is added to anhydrous copper sulfate?

  It drives the backward reaction, reforming blue crystals of hydrated copper sulfate.
• What are the key characteristics of reversible reactions?

  • Indicated by a double arrow
  • Can proceed in both forward and backward directions
  • At equilibrium, both reactions occur at the same rate
  • Concentrations of reactants and products remain constant
  • Position of equilibrium can shift based on conditions
• How does temperature affect the position of equilibrium in reversible reactions?

  • Adding heat shifts equilibrium to the right (more products)
  • Cooling shifts equilibrium to the left (more reactants)
• What is the significance of a closed system in reversible reactions?

  • Prevents escape of reactants or products
  • Allows equilibrium to be reached
• What do the terms 'hydrated' and 'anhydrous' mean in the context of copper sulfate?

  • Hydrated: Water is present
  • Anhydrous: No water is present