Purity and Formulations

• What is the field of chemical analysis also known as?

  Analytical chemistry
• What does chemical analysis involve?

  It involves instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify different substances
• What are some examples of methods used in chemical analysis?

  • Paper chromatography for separating pigments
  • Filtration and crystallization to isolate solids from liquids
  • Distillation to separate different liquids
• What is a pure substance?

  A pure substance contains only one type of compound or element
• Can you give an example of a pure substance?

  Pure water or pure sodium chloride
• Why can't we say that saltwater is a pure substance?

  Because it is a mixture of two different compounds
• Why is the purity of a substance important?

  Only pure substances melt and boil at specific temperatures
• At what temperature does water boil?

  100 degrees Celsius
• At what temperature does sodium chloride melt?

  801 degrees Celsius
• How can boiling point help identify an unknown liquid?

  If it boils at 100 degrees Celsius, it is likely water
• What is a physical test in chemistry?

  A test that examines the physical properties of a substance
• What is a chemical test in chemistry?


  A test that involves reacting a substance with another chemical
• What happens to the melting and boiling points of impure substances?

  They do not have specific melting and boiling points and vary over a range of temperatures
• How do impurities affect the melting point of a sample?

  Impurities lower the melting point
• How do impurities affect the boiling point of a sample?

  Impurities increase the boiling point
• What is the melting point of saltwater?

  About -2 degrees Celsius
• What is the boiling point of saltwater?

  Around 100.5 degrees Celsius
• What are formulations in chemistry?

  Formulations are mixtures prepared using a specific formula with precise amounts of components
• What are some examples of formulations and their purposes?

  • Fuels
  • Cleaning agents
  • Paints
  • Medicines
  • Alloys
  • Fertilizers
  • Food and drink
• What is the important feature of formulations?


  The different components are always present in the same proportions
• How does the formulation of green paint differ from other mixtures?

  It requires components that give it a green color and help it stick to the wall
• What is the process of creating a formulation?

  1. Try out different combinations of components
  2. Get the right proportions
  3. Use the same formula to make it repeatedly
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