memory

• What is the focus of the AQA GCSE Psychology Memory chapter?

  The focus is on different types of memory, how memories are encoded and stored, and retrieval systems.
• What are the three types of memory covered in the AQA GCSE Psychology Memory chapter?

  • Episodic memory
  • Semantic memory
  • Procedural memory
• How is memory defined in the context of psychology?

  Memory is defined as the encoding, storage, and retrieval of stored information once needed.
• What are the three forms of encoding used within memory?

  1. Acoustic encoding
  2. Visual encoding
  3. Semantic encoding
• What are the three types of retrieval systems used by memory?

  1. Recall
  2. Recognition
  3. Re-learning
• What does the focus on memory include in terms of information storage?

  It includes the amount of information stored (capacity), the length of time it is stored (duration), and the way information is stored (acoustic, visual, or semantic).
• What are the different types of memory that help us function?

  • Episodic memory
  • Semantic memory
  • Procedural memory
• What does episodic memory refer to?

  Episodic memory refers to memories of personal events or experiences.
• Can you give an example of episodic memory?

  An example of episodic memory could be a holiday you took last year.
• What is semantic memory?

  Semantic memory is a memory for facts and general knowledge.
• Provide an example of semantic memory.

  An example of semantic memory is knowing that the capital of England is London.
• What is procedural memory?

  Procedural memory is the memory that helps us recall information on complicated skills.
• Give an example of procedural memory.

  An example of procedural memory is how to ride a bike.
• How are memories encoded, stored, and retrieved?

  • Encoding: Processing information into memory.
  • Storage: Keeping information in memory.
  • Retrieval: Accessing stored information.
• What are the three forms of encoding in memory?

  The three forms of encoding are acoustic, visual, and semantic encoding.
• What is acoustic encoding?


  Acoustic encoding is the holding of information in memory in the form of sound.
• Provide an example of acoustic encoding.

  An example of acoustic encoding is repeating a mobile phone number to remember it.
• What is visual encoding?

  Visual encoding is processing information visually in the form of a picture in our mind.
• Give an example of visual encoding.

  An example of visual encoding is picturing how big your garden is.
• What is semantic encoding?

  Semantic encoding refers to encoding something through its meaning.
• Provide an example of semantic encoding.

  An example of semantic encoding is recalling David Beckham’s spouse and children.
• How are memories retrieved?

  • Recall: Remembering information from memory.
  • Recognition: Identifying previously encountered items.
  • Re-learning: Learning previously learned information more quickly.
• What is recall in memory retrieval?


  Recall is remembering information as we search our memory.
• What is recognition in memory retrieval?

  Recognition involves being presented with items and identifying if we remember any of them.
• What is re-learning in memory retrieval?

  Re-learning involves being exposed to previously learned information that we may have forgotten.
• What are the components of the multi-store model of memory?

  1. Sensory memory store
  2. Short-term memory store
  3. Long-term memory store
• What is the sensory memory store?

  The sensory memory store holds sensory information that is not under cognitive control.
• What is the capacity and duration of the sensory memory store?

  The sensory memory store has a large capacity but a duration of milliseconds unless given focused attention.
• How is information encoded in the sensory memory store?

  Information is encoded in the way it is received, such as visually or acoustically.
• What happens to information in the short-term memory store?

  Information from the sensory store passes to the short-term memory store through rehearsal.
• What is the duration and capacity of the short-term memory store?

  The short-term memory store has a duration of up to 18 seconds and a capacity of 7 +/- 2 items.
• How is information encoded in the short-term memory store?

  Information is mainly encoded acoustically and based on sound.
• What happens to information that is rehearsed in the short-term memory store?

  Information that is rehearsed passes on to the long-term memory store.
• What is the duration and capacity of the long-term memory store?

  The long-term memory store has unlimited duration and capacity.
• How is information encoded in the long-term memory store?

  Information is mainly encoded semantically and based on meaning.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the multi-store model of memory?

  Strengths:

  • Predictions can be easily tested.
  • Evidence supports STM and LTM as separate types of memory.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Cannot explain remembering without rehearsal.
  • Understanding meaning is more important than repetition.
• What is the primacy effect in memory recall?

  The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list better.
• Why does the primacy effect occur?

  The primacy effect occurs because participants have increased rehearsal time with the first words.
• What is the recency effect in memory recall?

  The recency effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the end of a list better.
• Why does the recency effect occur?

  The recency effect occurs because the last set of words are still in short-term memory.