chemistry - dynamic equilibrium

• In what type of system does dynamic equilibrium occur?

  Dynamic equilibrium occurs in closed systems.
• What happens to the concentrations of reactants and products in dynamic equilibrium?

  The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
• Why is dynamic equilibrium described as 'dynamic'?

  It is described as 'dynamic' because reactions are still happening, but they balance each other out.
• What symbol is used to represent reversible reactions?

  A double arrow (⇌) is used to represent reversible reactions.
• What do the products of the forward reaction become in a reversible reaction?


  The products of the forward reaction become the reactants of the reverse reaction.
• Can all chemical reactions be classified as reversible?


  No, some reactions are irreversible.
• What are the necessary conditions for dynamic equilibrium to occur?

  Dynamic equilibrium requires a closed system, constant temperature, constant pressure, a reversible reaction, and sufficient time.
• What is an example of a process that reaches dynamic equilibrium?

  The Haber process for ammonia production reaches dynamic equilibrium under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure.
• What does it mean for concentrations to be constant in dynamic equilibrium?

  It means that the amounts of reactants and products remain unchanged over time.
• What is Le Chatelier's Principle in relation to dynamic equilibrium?

  Le Chatelier's Principle states that if conditions are altered, the equilibrium will shift to counteract the change.
• What happens to the equilibrium when a sealed bottle of carbonated drink is opened?

  The equilibrium shifts to produce more CO₂ to counteract the loss of gas.
• How does the equilibrium shift in a carbonated drink after opening the bottle?

  The equilibrium gradually shifts to produce more CO₂ as some CO₂ escapes.
• What best describes the behavior of CO₂ in a carbonated drink after opening the bottle?

  CO₂ is gradually released, with the equilibrium slowly shifting to produce more.
• What are the key characteristics of dynamic equilibrium?

  • Constant concentrations of reactants and products
  • Ongoing forward and reverse reactions
  • Macroscopic stability with no observable changes
  • Microscopic activity with reactions still occurring
  • Responsive to changes in conditions (Le Chatelier's Principle)
• What is the significance of the Haber process in the context of dynamic equilibrium?


  • It demonstrates dynamic equilibrium under controlled conditions.
  • It involves the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia.
  • It highlights the importance of temperature and pressure in achieving equilibrium.
• How does the concept of dynamic equilibrium apply to real-world scenarios?

  • Dynamic equilibrium can be observed in processes like carbonated drinks.
  • Changes in conditions (like opening a bottle) disturb the equilibrium.
  • The system responds by shifting to restore balance gradually.