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A level aqa psychology
A level aqa psychology topic 1 social influence
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Cards (71)
What was the main focus of Asch's study?
The
conformity rates
of people in a group judging the
length
of
lines
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How did Asch's study differ from Jenys' study?
Asch's study had a clear answer regarding
line lengths
, while Jenys' study involved guessing the
number
of
beans
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What was the conformity rate found in Asch's study?
33%
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What are the three types of conformity mentioned in the study material?
Compliance
,
Identification
,
Internalisation
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What is compliance in the context of conformity?
Compliance is when individuals make
decisions
to gain
approval
or avoid
disapproval
from a group.
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What is internalisation in the context of conformity?
Internalisation occurs when individuals
accept
influence because the
behavior
aligns with their own
value system.
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What are the four ethical principles for researchers to consider when conducting a study?
Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity
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What is required for participants to consent to a study?
Participants must give
consent
, and if under
16
, a
parent
or
guardian
must consent.
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What is the role of
deception
in research
studies
?
Participants
cannot be
lied
to about the study, but must be told as
few
lies as
possible.
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What is debriefing in research studies?
Debriefing
involves
informing
participants about the study and allowing them to ask
questions.
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What rights do participants have regarding withdrawal from a study?
Participants must be informed of their right to
withdraw
at any point and to withdraw their data
later.
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What is the importance of anonymity and confidentiality in research?
Participants have the right to remain
anonymous
and confidentiality must not be breached unless in
exceptional
circumstances.
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What is the researcher’s responsibility regarding the protection of participants?
Researchers
must protect participants from any kind of
mental
or
physical
harm during the study.
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What ethical issue did Asch's study face regarding deception?
Asch
deceived
participants by not
informing
them about the
confederates.
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What psychological harm did participants experience in Asch's study?
Participants experienced stress from the need to
conform
to the confederates'
incorrect
answers.
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How did the historical context of the Cold War affect Asch's study?
During the
Cold War
, people were afraid to stand out, which may have increased
conformity
levels.
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What are the variations of Jenys study into informational social influence?
Guessing the number of
beans
in a jar and
conforming
to others' answers.
Looking
up
at the
sky
in a
public
place and causing others to
conform.
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What happens to conformity rates when a participant has an ally in Asch's experiment?
The rate of conformity
decreases
when a participant has an ally who gives the
correct
answer.
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How does task difficulty affect conformity rates?
An increase in task difficulty can lead to a
decrease
in
conformity
rates, but may also
increase
conformity in some cases.
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What was the payment for participants in Zimbardo's prison experiment?
Participants were paid $
15
per day.
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What happened on the second morning of Zimbardo's experiment?
There was a rebellion against the experiment and the prisoners.
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What effect did the rebellion have on prisoner 8612?
Prisoner
8612
was put in
solitary
confinement as punishment for the
rebellion.
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How did prisoners conform to social norms in Zimbardo's study?
Prisoners
became more
rebellious
and displayed the
'screw-you effect'.
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How did guards conform to social norms in Zimbardo's study?
Guards mocked the
prisoners
and became more
aggressive
towards them.
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What ethical issue did Zimbardo's study face regarding participant protection?
Zimbardo did not protect participants from
physical
and
psychological
harm.
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What was the issue with consent in Zimbardo's study?
Participants
consented
but were not fully
aware
of how severe the
experiment
would become.
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What was a methodological limitation of Zimbardo's study?
The study involved only
24
male students, making it hard to
generalize
the results.
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What was the main finding of Moscovici's study on minority influence?
A
smaller
group can influence a
larger
group if they are
consistent
and
unanimous.
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What are the strengths of Moscovici's study?
Confounding
variables were reduced by
deceiving
participants into
believing
it was a
visual
perception test.
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What are the limitations of Moscovici's study?
The study used only
women
, was a
lab
experiment, and involved
artificial
tasks, making it less
generalizable.
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What are the key factors in minority influence?
Consistency
: A
consistent
minority can lead the
majority
to reassess their views.
Commitment
: Demonstrating
certainty
and
courage
can influence the majority.
Flexibility
:
Willingness
to
compromise
is more effective than
rigid
arguments.
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How did the suffragettes demonstrate commitment in their movement?
Suffragettes
showed commitment by refusing to
compromise
, being arrested, and participating in
hunger strikes.
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What role did flexibility play in the suffragettes' movement?
Flexibility
allowed certain women to
vote
while others remained
barred
, showing
adaptability
in their approach.
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What is obedience in the context of social influence?
Obedience is a type of social influence where someone acts in response to a direct order from an authority figure.
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What ethical issues were present in Milgram's study?
Participants were
deceived
, not fully
protected
from
harm
, and all were
male
, making it less
generalizable.
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What is the consequence of being too flexible in negotiations?
You will be considered
inconsistent
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When should shifts be made in negotiations?
Shifts should be made
late
in negotiations rather than
earlier
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What are the three key elements in the suffragettes movement?
Consistency
: All wanted the same goal (votes for women), coordinated marches, and repeated messages.
Commitment
: No compromise, faced arrests, and engaged in hunger strikes.
Flexibility
: Some women were allowed to vote while others were barred based on different factors.
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What is obedience in the context of social influence?
Obedience
is a type of social influence whereby someone acts in
response
to a
direct
order from a perceived
authority
figure
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What were the ethical concerns in Milgram's study on obedience?
Participants were
deceived.
Participants were not
protected
from all harm; three experienced
seizures.
Participants were properly
debriefed.
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