respiratory

• what are the upper components of respiratory system

  Nasal cavity

  pharynx

  Larynx
• What is the first anatomical structure that air enters when inspired?

  Nasal cavity
• What is the pathway of air from the outer atmosphere to the lungs called?

  Conducting pathways
• What are the three parts of the pharynx?

  Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
• What is the clinical significance of the upper respiratory tract?

  It is involved in upper respiratory tract infections
• What does the trachea bifurcate into?

  Left and right main stem bronchi
• How many times do the bronchi branch before reaching the alveoli?

  About 23 times
• Why does the left lung have only two lobes while the right lung has three?

  Because of the cardiac notch to accommodate the heart
• What is the significance of the right main stem bronchi being wider and more vertical?

  Inhaled substances are more likely to be found in the right main stem bronchi
• What are alveoli?

  They are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
• What do turbinates in the nasal cavity do?

  They spin the air, trapping particulates in mucus
• How do turbinates contribute to gas exchange at the alveoli?

  They warm and humidify the air, making gas exchange more beneficial
• What is the larynx commonly known as?

  Voice box
• What is the laryngeal prominence?

  It is the cartilage that forms the Adam's apple
• Why is cartilage important in the trachea?

  It keeps the trachea open and patent
• What happens to the amount of cartilage and muscle as airways become smaller?

  The amount of cartilage diminishes and the amount of muscle increases
• Why is asthma considered a disease of the bronchioles?

  Because it involves the constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles
• What occurs during gas exchange in the alveoli?

  Oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exits into the alveoli
• What are the major components of the respiratory tract?

  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi (left and right)
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• What are the differences between the upper and lower respiratory tracts?


  Upper Respiratory Tract:

  • Includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
  • Involved in upper respiratory tract infections

  
  

  Lower Respiratory Tract:

  • Includes trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
  • Involved in lower respiratory tract infections