Education

• Name 2 external factors that cause class differences?

  -Cultural deprivation

  -Material deprivation
• Name the four key features of the working class subculture?

  -Fatalism

  -Collectivism

  -Immediate gratification

  -Present-time orientation
• How can students be culturally deprived?

  -Language

  -Speech codes

  -Parents' education

  -Working class subculture
• New Right

  A conservative political theory that people should not rely on the state, it favors the marketisation of education.
• New Right view on the Role of the State ?

  -National Curriculum

  • Framework on schools via league tables and Ofsted reports
• Sociologists that support labelling

  Merton (1948), Becker (1971), Hempel Jorgenson(2009), Dunne and Gazeley(2008)
• Becker's beliefs 


  The idea of an ideal pupil, middle class pupils typically better fit this ideal
• What are the three steps of the self fulfilling prophecy?

  STEP 1: The labelling of a student by a teacher.

  STEP 2: The teacher treats the student accordingly as if the prediction is true.

  STEP 3: The pupil internalises the label and becomes the student that the teacher predicted.
• What is the marketisation of education?


  The application of market forces to education system, seen by promoting choice and competition
• Coalition 1979-97 - impact on education?


  Education Reform Act 1988

  'open enrolment' = greater choice

  National curriculum

  Standardised testing

  intro of formula funding
• New Labour 1997-2010?


  City Academies 2000

  Growth of specialist schools + FAITH schools

  introduced tuition fees at £1000
• Coalition 2010- 2015 = impact on education


  2013 - Pupil premium act

  Progress 8 - measurement tool based on progress student would make

  Tuition fees tripled for high value courses
• Impacts of marketisation on education?

  Private investment

  Increased choice

  Improvements in GCSE and A level pass rates
• Criticisms of marketisation?


  Myth of parentocracy - ball argues that only middle class with cultural and economic capital

  Selective rather open enrollment

  Teaching the test rather than actual skills