Need to move

• What do ionic compounds consist of?


  Cations and anions arranged in a lattice
• Define ionic bonding


  The electrostatic attraction between cations and anions
• What does Al3+ and O2- form?

  Aluminium oxide

  (ionic bonding)
• What does Na+ and SO4^2- form?


  Sodium sulfate

  Ionic bonding
• By reference to all the atoms involved explain, in terms of electrons, how NaCl is formed from its atoms

  1 electron is transferred

  from 1 sodium atom to 1 chlorine atom
• What are the 2 factors that affect the strength of ionic bonding?


  The ionic charge

  Ionic radius
• How does the size of ions change down a group?


  Down a group, ionic radius increases
• What are the 3 properties of ionic compounds?


  They generally have high melting and boiling points

  They are often soluble in water

  They conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution
• What does the perfect ionic model state?


  That ionic compounds are made of perfectly spherical cations and anions arranged in a crystal lattice
• What do we observe if we add Tollens’ reagent to a test-tube containing an aldehyde?


  A silver mirror
• What is the ester functional group?


  C double bond O, and single bond O
• What is the general formula for esters?


  R1COOR2
• What does methanoic acid react with sodium hydroxide to form?


  Sodium methanoate

  Water
• What does ethanoic acid react with ethanol to form?


  Ester-

  Water
• What forms when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react together?


  Ester

  Water
• What are the conditions for forming an ester and water from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

  H2SO4 catalyst, heat