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research methods - variables
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Cards (32)
What is the main focus of the research methods and psychology video discussed?
The video covers
variables
in
research methods.
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Why is it difficult to see causal relationships in research?
Because the world is
chaotic
and many variables change
simultaneously.
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What is the purpose of manipulating and measuring variables in an experiment?
To hold most variables the
same
while
observing
changes in others.
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What are the types of variables mentioned in the video?
Independent
variables
Dependent
variables
Covariables
Extraneous
variables
Confounding
variables
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What do researchers do in correlational studies?
They measure covariables and compare them to find
relationships.
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What types of relationships can exist between covariables?
Positive
and
negative
relationships.
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What can researchers claim in correlational research?
They can say
two
covariables are associated, but not that one causes the other.
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What is an independent variable in an experimental setup?
It is the variable that the researcher
manipulates.
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Give an example of an
independent
variable in an experiment.
Whether a participant is given a
drug
or a
placebo.
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What is operationalization in research?
It is specifying exactly how a
dependent
variable is
measured.
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How might a researcher measure the effectiveness of anger management therapy?
By measuring the
reduction
in scores on a
hostility
questionnaire.
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What can researchers claim if they control for other variables in an experiment?
They can claim to have shown a causal relationship between the
independent
and
dependent
variables.
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What are
extraneous
variables?
They are any variables other than the
independent
variable that could influence the
dependent
variable.
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What are
demand characteristics
in research?
They are
cues
that participants pick up on that suggest how they should
behave.
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What are participant variables?
Characteristics like
age
,
gender
, and cultural background that can influence behavior.
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What are situational variables?
Environmental
factors that could influence performance, such as
noise
or temperature.
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What are order effects in a repeated measures design?
They are effects that occur due to the order in which conditions are completed, such as practice or fatigue.
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What is a confounding variable?
A variable that changes systematically with the levels of the independent variable.
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How could exhaustion act as a confounding variable in a study on body movement and memory recall?
If one group is more fit than the other,
exhaustion
could affect their
recall
ability.
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What happens if
extraneous
variables are not controlled in an experiment?
They can become
confounding
variables and affect the
validity
of the results.
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How can researchers control extraneous variables?
Use
random allocation
and
matched pairs
for participant variables
Implement
counterbalancing
for order effects
Establish
standardized procedures
for
situational
variables
Conduct single and
double-blind
trials to reduce
demand characteristics
and investigator effects
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What is
random allocation
in research?
It is assigning participants to
different groups randomly
to control for
participant variables.
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What is matched pairs design in research?
It involves measuring a
participant variable
and matching participants based on their scores across
groups.
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What is counterbalancing in research?
It is a method to control for order effects by splitting participants into
groups
that experience conditions in
different orders.
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What are standardized procedures in research?
They are a set of
guidelines
to ensure all participants have the same experience except for the
independent
variable.
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What is a single-blind trial?
It is when participants are unaware of the true nature of the experiment.
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What is a double-blind trial?
It is when both the participants and the researchers are
unaware
of the true
aims
of the experiment.
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What is the purpose of a pilot study?
To identify and correct
extraneous variables
before conducting the
full-scale
study.
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What is peer review in research?
It is when researchers present their study to experts for
feedback
before
publication.
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What can happen after peer review?
The researcher may need to redo the study to address any identified extraneous variables.
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What resources are available on psycboost.com for students and teachers?
Over 170 videos for qualifications
Bonus resources for Patreon supporters
Tutorial videos and a Discord channel
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What support does the creator of the video thank at the end?
Students
and
teachers
who supported on Patreon
Patrons
at the
developer
level
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