Heart

    Cards (47)

    • What is the primary function of the heart?
      To pump blood throughout the body
    • How many pumps does the heart consist of?
      Two pumps
    • What is the approximate size of the heart?
      About the size of a fist
    • Where is the heart located in the body?
      In the middle of the chest
    • What protects the heart?
      The rib cage
    • What are the two sides of the heart called?
      The right side and the left side
    • What are the four chambers of the heart?
      Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
    • What is the function of the atria?
      To receive blood entering the heart
    • What happens to blood in the right atrium?
      It flows through a valve to the right ventricle
    • What is the pathway of blood from the right ventricle?
      It goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
    • Where does blood go after it returns from the lungs?
      Into the left atrium
    • What is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart?
      The aorta
    • What is the function of the septum in the heart?
      To divide the left and right sides of the heart
    • What does myogenic muscle mean?
      Muscle contracts on its own without signal from the nerves. muscle cells are able to generate own electrical impulses.
    • What is the role of valves in the heart?
      To allow blood to flow one way
    • What determines whether a valve is open or closed?
      The pressure differential across the valve
    • What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
      The tricuspid valve
    • What is another name for the bicuspid valve?
      The mitral valve
    • What are the valves from the heart to the aorta called?
      Semilunar valves
    • What is the vena cava's role in the cardiovascular system?
      It carries blood from the body to the heart
    • What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
      To carry blood from the heart to the lungs
    • What is the role of the pulmonary vein?
      To carry blood from the lungs to the heart
    • What does the left ventricle do?
      Pumps blood to the body through the aorta
    • What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
      It produces impulses that make the heart beat
    • What is the normal heart rate produced by the sinoatrial node?
      60 to 100 beats per minute
    • What is the role of the atrioventricular node?
      It introduces a delay before ventricles contract
    • Why is there a delay in the signal from the atrioventricular node?
      To allow atria to contract before ventricles
    • What is the bundle of His?
      A pathway for signals to the ventricles
    • What are Purkinje fibers?
      Fibers that carry signals to ventricular muscles
    • How is cardiac output calculated?
      Beats per minute multiplied by stroke volume
    • What is the average cardiac output for a healthy person?
      About five liters per minute
    • What is the stroke volume for a healthy person?
      About 70 milliliters per beat
    • What is the total volume of blood pumped in a minute at 70 beats per minute?
      4.9 liters4.9 \text{ liters}
    • What is the significance of the PQRS complex in ECG?
      It represents the electrical activity of the heart
    • What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
      • Heart
      • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
      • Blood
    • What is the flow of blood through the heart?
      1. Blood enters the right atrium via vena cava
      2. Blood flows through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
      3. Blood is pumped to the lungs via pulmonary artery
      4. Blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary vein
      5. Blood flows through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle
      6. Blood is pumped to the body via aorta
    • What are the types of valves in the heart?
      • Tricuspid valve (right atrium to right ventricle)
      • Bicuspid valve (left atrium to left ventricle)
      • Semilunar valves (to aorta and pulmonary artery)
    • What is the role of the heart's electrical conduction system?
      • Generates impulses for heartbeats
      • Coordinates contraction of atria and ventricles
      • Maintains heart rhythm
    • What factors influence cardiac output?
      • Heart rate (beats per minute)
      • Stroke volume (volume per beat)
    • What is the significance of the septum in the heart?
      • Divides the heart into left and right sides
      • Prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
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