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Unit 5
Unit 5 Bio
Heart
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Cards (47)
What is the primary function of the heart?
To pump blood throughout the
body
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How many pumps does the heart consist of?
Two
pumps
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What is the approximate size of the heart?
About the size of a
fist
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Where is the heart located in the body?
In the middle of the
chest
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What protects the heart?
The
rib cage
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What are the two sides of the heart called?
The
right side
and the
left side
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium
,
left atrium
,
right ventricle
,
left ventricle
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What is the function of the atria?
To receive blood entering the
heart
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What happens to blood in the right atrium?
It flows through a valve to the
right ventricle
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What is the pathway of blood from the right ventricle?
It goes to the lungs through the
pulmonary artery
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Where does blood go after it returns from the lungs?
Into the
left atrium
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What is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart?
The
aorta
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What is the function of the septum in the heart?
To divide the
left
and
right
sides of the heart
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What does myogenic muscle mean?
Muscle contracts on its own without signal from the nerves. muscle cells are able to generate own electrical impulses.
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What is the role of valves in the heart?
To allow
blood
to flow
one
way
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What determines whether a valve is open or closed?
The
pressure differential
across the valve
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What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?
The
tricuspid valve
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What is another name for the bicuspid valve?
The
mitral valve
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What are the valves from the heart to the aorta called?
Semilunar valves
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What is the vena cava's role in the cardiovascular system?
It carries blood from the
body
to the
heart
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What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
To carry blood from the
heart
to the lungs
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What is the role of the pulmonary vein?
To carry blood from the
lungs
to the
heart
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What does the left ventricle do?
Pumps blood to the body through the
aorta
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What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
It produces
impulses
that make the heart beat
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What is the normal heart rate produced by the sinoatrial node?
60 to 100
beats per minute
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What is the role of the atrioventricular node?
It introduces a delay before
ventricles
contract
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Why is there a delay in the signal from the atrioventricular node?
To allow
atria
to contract before
ventricles
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What is the bundle of His?
A pathway for signals to the
ventricles
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What are Purkinje fibers?
Fibers that carry signals to
ventricular
muscles
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How is cardiac output calculated?
Beats per minute
multiplied by
stroke volume
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What is the average cardiac output for a healthy person?
About five
liters
per
minute
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What is the stroke volume for a healthy person?
About
70
milliliters
per
beat
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What is the total volume of blood pumped in a minute at 70 beats per minute?
4.9
liters
4.9 \text{ liters}
4.9
liters
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What is the significance of the PQRS complex in ECG?
It represents the
electrical activity
of the heart
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What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Blood vessels (
arteries
, veins, capillaries)
Blood
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What is the flow of blood through the heart?
Blood enters the
right
atrium
via
vena cava
Blood flows through the
tricuspid valve
to the right
ventricle
Blood is pumped to the lungs via
pulmonary artery
Blood returns to the
left
atrium via
pulmonary vein
Blood flows through the
bicuspid valve
to the left ventricle
Blood is pumped to the body via
aorta
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What are the types of valves in the heart?
Tricuspid
valve (
right atrium
to
right ventricle
)
Bicuspid
valve (
left atrium
to
left ventricle
)
Semilunar
valves (to
aorta
and
pulmonary artery
)
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What is the role of the heart's electrical conduction system?
Generates
impulses
for heartbeats
Coordinates contraction of
atria
and
ventricles
Maintains heart rhythm
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What factors influence cardiac output?
Heart rate
(
beats per minute
)
Stroke volume
(volume per beat)
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What is the significance of the septum in the heart?
Divides the heart into left and right sides
Prevents mixing of
oxygenated
and
deoxygenated
blood
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