Hormones:
Chemical message
Transmit info around body
Greater distance/range
Long to affect
Long-lasting
Androgens
E.g. testosterone
Adrenogenital syndrome (female masculinised by excess androgen)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (opposite for males)
Critical Periods
Testosterone's effects age linked
So critical periods in brain development where it has more significant impact
In Pregnancy (Antenatal):
Potential raise spatial ability + competitive aggression (men)
Postnatal:
Sensitise neural circuits
Stimulate cell growth hypothalamus + amygdala
Puberty
