Meosis

• What is the process that allows siblings to look different despite having the same parents?

  Meiosis
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  Meiosis contributes to genetic variety and produces gametes, while mitosis produces identical body cells.
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• Why do human sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes instead of 46?

  They have 23 chromosomes so that when they combine during fertilization, they create a total of 46 chromosomes.
• What is meiosis referred to as?

  A reduction division
• What happens during interphase before meiosis starts?

  The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out cell processes.
• How do we count chromosomes during interphase after DNA replication?

  We count by the number of centromeres, so the number of chromosomes remains the same even though the chromatids double.
• What are the stages of meiosis similar to in mitosis?

  PMAT (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
• How does prophase I differ from prophase II in meiosis?

  Prophase I involves homologous pairs and crossing over, while prophase II does not involve homologous pairs or crossing over.
• What happens during metaphase I of meiosis?

  The chromosomes line up in pairs in the middle of the cell.
• What does anaphase I involve in meiosis?

  The chromosomes are pulled away from each other by spindle fibers.
• What is formed at the end of telophase I in meiosis?

  Two newly formed nuclei and two new cells.
• What is the significance of cytokinesis in meiosis?

  Cytokinesis splits the cytoplasm to form two separate cells after telophase I.
• How many times does meiosis divide?

  Twice
• What happens during metaphase II of meiosis?

  The chromosomes line up in a single file line in the middle of the cell.
• How does anaphase II differ from anaphase I in meiosis?

  In anaphase II, the chromatids are pulled away, while in anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.
• What is produced at the end of meiosis II?

  Four cells
• What is the process that allows siblings to look different despite having the same parents?

  Meiosis
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  Meiosis contributes to genetic variety and produces gametes, while mitosis produces identical body cells.
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• How many chromosomes do human sperm and egg cells have?

  23 chromosomes
• Why do sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes each?

  To combine and form a fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes.
• What is meiosis referred to as?

  A reduction division
• What happens during interphase before meiosis starts?

  The cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out cell processes.
• How do we count chromosomes during interphase after DNA replication?

  We count by the number of centromeres, so the number remains the same despite the duplication.
• What are the stages of mitosis represented by the acronym PMAT?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• How does meiosis differ in terms of division compared to mitosis?

  Meiosis divides twice, resulting in four cells, while mitosis divides once, resulting in two cells.
• What is the first step of meiosis I?

  Prophase I
• What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense, thicken, and line up with their homologous pairs.
• What is crossing over in prophase I?

  It is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes.
• What is the term for chromosomes that are approximately the same size and contain the same types of genes?

  Homologous chromosomes
• What happens during metaphase I of meiosis?

  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in pairs.
• What does anaphase I involve?

  Chromosomes are pulled away from each other by spindle fibers.
• What is formed at the end of telophase I?

  Two newly formed nuclei and two new cells
• What follows telophase I in meiosis?


  Cytokinesis, which splits the cytoplasm.
• What is the first step of meiosis II?

  Prophase II
• How does prophase II differ from prophase I?

  Prophase II does not involve homologous pairs or crossing over.
• What happens during metaphase II?

  Chromosomes line up in a single file line in the middle of the cell.
• What occurs during anaphase II?

  Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell.
• What is formed at the end of telophase II?

  Four cells