Eukaryotic cell structure

• What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

  It contains genetic information of the cell.
• What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?


  Mitochondria
• What is the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

  They are used for protein synthesis.
• What does the cell membrane do?

  It controls what enters and exits the cell.
• Where do chemical reactions occur in eukaryotic cells?


  In the cytoplasm.
• Which types of cells contain a nucleus?

  Plant, animal, and fungal cells.
• What is the nuclear envelope?

  It is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
• What is contained within the nucleus?

  DNA, which contains information for building proteins.
• What is the function of the nucleolus?

  It is involved in protein synthesis.
• What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by?

  It has ribosomes on its surface.
• What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  It produces, processes, and stores lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids.
• What does the Golgi apparatus do?

  It modifies and packages proteins for export.
• What is the journey of proteins through the cell?

  1. Nucleolus
  2. Nucleus
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  5. Golgi apparatus
• What are lysosomes and their function?

  Lysosomes contain enzymes designed to digest contents and recycle them at the end of a cell's life.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  They are the site of aerobic respiration and produce ATP energy.
• What are the folds in mitochondria called?

  Cristae
• What is the cytoskeleton?

  It is a network of protein structures within the cytoplasm.
• What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

  • Rod-like microfilaments made of actin
  • Straight cylindrical microtubules made of tubulin
  • Cytoskeletal motor proteins: myosins, kinesins, and dyneins
• What is the role of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

  They provide support and mechanical strength, keeping the cell shape stable and allowing movement.
• What do microtubules do in the cytoskeleton?

  They provide shape and support to cells and help substances and organelles move through the cytoplasm.
• What are intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton responsible for?

  They anchor the nucleus within the cytoplasm and provide cell strength.
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  It provides strength and support and maintains the cell's shape.
• What is the composition of fungal cell walls?

  Fungal cell walls contain chitin.
• What is the significance of the double membrane in mitochondria?

  It is found in cells that require lots of energy for processes.
• What are centrioles and their role in cells?

  Centrioles are involved in cell replication and duplicate during mitosis.
• What do nuclear pores allow in the cell?

  They allow DNA to transport around the cell.
• What are the functions of the cytoskeleton parts?

  • Microfilaments: provide support and shape
  • Microtubules: facilitate movement
  • Intermediate filaments: anchor the nucleus and provide strength
• What is the formula for calculating the area of a circle with radius $r$?


  Area = $\pi r^2$
• What is the significance of the folds in mitochondria?

  They increase the surface area for aerobic respiration.
• What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?


  Lysosomes digest contents and recycle them at the end of a cell's life.
• What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

  It separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
• What is the role of the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

  It is where chemical reactions occur.
• What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  It controls what enters and exits the cell.
• What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  It processes proteins made by the ribosomes.
• What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

  It modifies and packages proteins for export.
• What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

  It provides structural support and shape to the cell.
• What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

  Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
• What is the significance of the cristae in mitochondria?

  They increase the surface area for aerobic respiration.
• What is the role of centrioles in animal cells?

  They are involved in cell replication and mitosis.
• What are the roles of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

  They provide shape and support to cells and help substances and organelles move through the cytoplasm.