goniometer

• Goniometry is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each plane of the joint
• 'goniometry' is derived from the greek words 'GONIA' meaning angle and 'METRON' meaning measure
• Large goniometers are used to measure your hips or knees
• ·         Digital goniometers: Studies have shown they're as accurate or better than the basic versions
• A universal goniometer is a basic device. It is usually made of clear plastic, sometimes metal, and some cost just a few dollars.
• ·         Small goniometers are meant to measure the range of motion around the joints of your fingers, thumbs, and hands.
• ·         Goniometers that strap to a body part measure the range of motion while you move.
• Goniometer apps on portable devices like smartphones: These use your device's accelerometer and gyroscopic technology to measure changes in the position of the phone
• Range of motion means the extent or limit to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point; the totality of movement a joint is capable of doing.
• Passive Range of Motion (PROM) is the ROM that is achieved when an outside force (such as a therapist or a CPM machine) exclusively causes movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to move the body part.
• ·         Active - Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM) is when the joint receives partial assistance from an outside force. Usually performed when the patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness, pain, or changes in muscle tone
• Active Range of Motion (AROM) is the ROM that can be achieved when opposing muscles contract and relax, resulting in joint movement. For example, the active range of motion to allow the elbow to bend requires the biceps to contract while the triceps muscle relaxes
• Ankle (subtalar) inversion - 20 degrees
• Ankle (subtalar) eversion - 10 degrees
• Ankle (talocrural) dorsiflexion - 10 - 20 degrees
• Ankle (talocrural) plantarflexion - 30 - 50 degrees
• Elbow extension - 0 degrees
• Elbow flexion - 150 degrees
• Forearm supination - 80 - 90 degrees
• Forearm pronation - 80 - 90 degrees
• Hip adduction - 0 - 30 degrees
• Hip abduction -0 - 40 degrees
• Hop extension - 0 - 30 degrees
• Hip flexion - 0 - 120 degrees
• Hip external rotation - 0 - 45 degrees
• Hip internal rotation - 0 - 45 degrees
• Knee extension - 0 - -5 degrees in females
• Knee flexion - 135 degrees
• Shoulder horizontal abduction - 45 degrees
• Shoulder flexion - 0 - 180 degrees
• Shoulder internal rotation - 0 - 70 degrees
• Shoulder external rotation - 0 - 90 degrees
• Wrist flexion - 0 - 70 degrees
• Wrist radial deviation - 0 -20 degrees
• Shoulder abduction 90 - 150 degrees