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PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
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Subdecks (6)
Decision making (25)
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
27 cards
(24) Brain Disfunction
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
42 cards
Long-term Memory (16)
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
93 cards
Short-Term and Working Memory (15)
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
89 cards
Conditioning
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
33 cards
(8) Introduction to Bio and General Psyc
PSYC3010| Biological and General Psyc
22 cards
Cards (539)
What is the definition of learning?
Learning is an adaptive process involving
associations
.
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How is learning linked to memory?
Learning involves creating
associations
related to memory.
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What are the types of learning mentioned?
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
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What is habituation?
Habituation is the decline in
responsiveness
to familiar stimuli.
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What is the function of habituation?
It helps focus on new and unfamiliar
stimuli
.
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What does classical conditioning involve?
Learning through association between
stimuli
.
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Who conducted key experiments in classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
and
John B. Watson
.
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What is the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlov's experiment?
Food is the
unconditioned
stimulus
(
US
).
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What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov's experiment?
Salivation
in response to the bell.
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What are the stages of classical conditioning?
Before Learning:
UR
triggered by
US
.
During Learning:
Neutral stimulus
introduced with US.
After Learning:
CS
elicits
CR
.
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What is generalization in classical conditioning?
CR
occurs in response to similar
stimuli
.
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What is extinction in classical conditioning?
CR
gradually disappears after
CS
without
US
.
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What is spontaneous recovery?
Re-emergence of
CR
after
extinction
period.
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What are applications of classical conditioning?
Fear
and
phobias
treatment
Taste aversion development
Advertising strategies
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What is operant conditioning?
Learning through rewards and punishments for
behavior
.
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Who introduced the "Law of Effect"?
Edward Thorndike
.
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What does the "Law of Effect" state?
Behaviors followed by rewards are
strengthened
.
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What is the Skinner Box used for?
To demonstrate
rewards
and punishments in
behavior
.
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What are the types of reinforcers in operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement
: Presenting new stimuli.
Negative reinforcement
: Removing old stimuli.
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What are the types of punishment in operant conditioning?
Positive punishment
: Giving something bad.
Negative punishment
: Removing something good.
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What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Building complex behavior through
reinforcement
.
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What are the types of reinforcement schedules?
Partial reinforcement
Ratio schedule
Interval schedule
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What is learned helplessness?
Perception of lack of control over
aversive stimuli
.
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What are real-world examples of learned helplessness?
Politics: Belief that
votes
don't matter.
Weight loss
: Giving up on dieting efforts.
Studying: Stopping attempts to improve
grades
.
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How does gambling relate to operant conditioning?
It relies on a
variable reinforcement schedule
.
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What role does negative reinforcement play in addiction?
It helps avoid
withdrawal symptoms
.
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What are the key concepts of operant conditioning?
Voluntary
behavior modification
Reinforcement
increases behavior likelihood
Different
schedules
yield varied outcomes
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What is the significance of reinforcement schedules?
They determine how often
behavior
is reinforced.
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How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?
Operant conditioning modifies
voluntary behaviors
.
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What is the impact of variable reinforcement on behavior?
It leads to persistent behavior
despite
losses.
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What is the cumulative number of responses in reinforcement schedules?
It illustrates responses over time under schedules.
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How does addiction relate to operant conditioning principles?
It involves
negative reinforcement
to avoid
withdrawal
.
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What are the applications of operant conditioning?
Learned helplessness
Gambling behaviors
Addiction treatment strategies
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What drives addiction according to the study material?
Negative reinforcement
from
aversive
experiences
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What does continued use of addictive substances create?
A cycle of
dependency
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How can understanding operant conditioning principles help with addiction?
It aids in developing
effective treatment strategies
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What are the key components of operant conditioning?
Voluntary behavior
Reinforcement
Reinforcement schedules
Applications in real-world situations
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What is the effect of reinforcement on behavior?
It increases the
likelihood
of behavior repetition
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Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable reinforcement
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What are the criticisms of behaviorism?
Environmental determinism
Limitations in explaining
human behavior
Overlooking
social learning
Critique of
experimental methods
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See all 539 cards
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