Cell structure: Cell biology

• Eukaryotic cell


  A cell type where the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus

  
• Animal cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane and mitochondria but no chloroplasts or cell wall

  
• Plant cell


  A type of eukaryotic cell with a cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall

  
• Prokaryotic cell


  A cell type where the genetic material is free within the cytoplasm and sometimes within plasmids

  
• Cell membrane


  Controls the entry of substances into and outside of the cell

  
• Nucleus


  Contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell

  
• Ribosomes


  Where protein synthesis takes place

  
• Cytoplasm


  A jelly-like substance that contains organelles and is where chemical reactions take place

  
• Mitochondria


  Where aerobic respiration takes place

  
• Permanent vacuole


  A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap found in plant cells

  
• Cell wall

  An outside layer of cellulose which strengthens and supports plant and algal cells

  
• Plasmids


  Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells

  
• Chloroplasts


  Contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells

  
• Chlorophyll


  A green pigment found in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

  
• Bacterial cell

  A single celled prokaryotic cell with free genetic material, a cell membrane and a cell wall

  
• DNA loop


  A single molecule of DNA that is found free in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes