water

• what does a molecule of water contain

  one atom of oxygen chemically bonded to two atoms of hydrogen
• what bonds are between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water


  covalent
• charge of oxygen in a water molecule

  small negative charge
• charge of hydrogen in a water molecule

  small positive charge
• what do the opposite charges of water molecules mean

  they are attracted to eachother
• what are the forces of attraction called in water molecules

  hydrogen bonds
• water is considered a ___ molecule

  polar
• specific heat capacity definition

  the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1kg of water by 1°C
• adhesion


  the forces of attraction between a water molecule and a different substance
• biological importance of adhesion

  aids the movement of water up the xylem due to the foa between water molecule and the sides of the xylem
• cohesion


  forces of attraction between water molecules
• biological importance of cohesion

  movement of water up the xylem in transpiration, provides surface tension which allows organisms to move across the surface of the water
• high specific heat capacity


  amount of heat energy needed to raise 1Kg of water by 1°C
• biological importance of high specific heat capacity

  maintains a stable temperature in aquatic conditions (reduces fluctuations) so organisms don't die, act as a cooler to the environment to control changes in air temp
• high specific latent heat of vaporisation

  amount of heat energy to change 1Kg of water from liquid to gas
• biological importance of high specific latent heat of vaporisation

  sweating: cools organisms as large amounts of heat energy are taken from the body to evaporate sweat
• density


  ice is less dense than water as the molecules are spaced further apart
• biological importance of density

  ice floats to create a habitat, ice forms from the top down so water remains liquid below the ice enabling organisms to survive and not freeze
• universal solvent


  solutes of different charges are attracted to different parts of the molecule
• biological importance of universal solvent

  mineral ions transported in water for plants, acts as a medium for gametes
• 6 properties of water

  adhesion, cohesion, high specific heat capacity, high specific latent heat of vaporisation, density, universal solvent
• structure of water

  a

  A) 𝛿-

  B) 𝛿+

  C) 𝛿+

  D) O

  E) H

  F) H

  G) covalent bonds

  
• what is water considered in many reactions

  a metabolite