Colonial involvement in the First World War and its impact

• Who replaced Asquith as Prime Minister in 1916?

  Lloyd George
• What was the purpose of introducing imperial preference under Lloyd George?

  To utilize resources from the Empire and discuss future imperial self-sufficiency
• What was the role of the White Dominions during World War I?

  • Provided large numbers of volunteers to the armed forces
  • Maintained distinct national identities despite serving under British command
  • Introduced conscription in New Zealand (1916) and Canada (1917)
• What campaign were the Australians and New Zealanders (Anzacs) recognized for during World War I?

  The Gallipoli campaign
• What significant battle did Canadian forces participate in during April 1917?

  The battle for Vimy Ridge
• What contributions did Canada make to Britain's war effort?

  Supplied a third of the munitions and wheat
• Who formed the South African Defence Force during World War I?

  General Smuts
• What was the significance of General Smuts in relation to the British war effort?

  He advised on military strategy in Europe and attended the Imperial War Conference
• How many South African troops fought in the Middle East and on the Western Front?

  136,000
• What was the overall impact of World War I on the White Dominions' relationship with Britain?

  It boosted confidence and promoted a desire for independence
• What was the reaction of French Canadians in Quebec towards the war?

  They regarded it as a pro-British affair and protested against conscription
• What was the outcome of the conscription referendums in Australia?

  Conscription was rejected in two referendums
• What was the nature of the republican movement in South Africa during the war?

  It questioned the imperial connection and was led by J.B.M. Hertzog
• What was the contribution of Indian troops during World War I?

  They made major contributions in France and the Middle East
• How much money did the Indian government contribute to Britain's war effort in 1917?

  $100 million
• What promise did Edwin Montagu make in August 1917 regarding India?


  He promised more responsible self-government for India
• What were the contributions of Australian and New Zealand forces in World War I?

  • Played a significant role in the Gallipoli campaign
  • Known as Anzacs
  • Recognized for bravery in various battles
• What was the Gallipoli campaign?


  An attempted invasion of Turkey by Australian and New Zealand forces
• What battle did Canadian forces fight in April 1917?

  The battle of Vimy Ridge
• What were the roles of African soldiers during World War I?

  • 1.2 million Egyptians recruited to defend Egypt and the Middle East
  • 100,000 Egyptian soldiers fought in Europe
  • Black South Africans and tropical colony inhabitants worked as laborers and carriers
• What was the significance of the first Pan-African Congress held in France in 1919?


  It marked the beginning of independence movements in Africa
• How many Egyptian soldiers fought in Europe during World War I?

  100,000
• What was the impact of the war on the development of independence movements in Africa?

  The experience of war proved formative for independence movements
• What was the fate of the black people from the tropical colonies during World War I?


  They were recruited to work in France as laborers and carriers
• What was the role of the South African delegation at the Versailles Peace Conference of 1919?

  To present the African case
• How did the war impact the relationship between the British Empire and its colonies?

  The war increased confidence in the colonies and promoted desires for independence
• French Canadians

  A population of French-speaking people living in Quebec, a province in Canada.
• Quebec


  A province in eastern Canada, with a predominantly French-speaking population.
• Pro-British affair


  A view that the French Canadians in Quebec saw the war as being in support of Britain, which they didn't like.
• Protested


  The French Canadians in Quebec strongly opposed something, in this case, conscription.
• Conscription


  A system where the government forces people to join the military.