Sampling Methods

• What is the target population in a study?

  The specific group of people being investigated in a study
• What is a sample in research?

  A selection of the target population that is studied
• What does generalizability refer to in research?


  The extent to which the results of a study represent the general population
• How does the sampling method affect the selection of a sample?

  The way in which a sample of the target population is selected depends on the sampling method used
• What is random sampling?

  A method where all members of the target population have an equal chance of being selected
• What is a strength of random sampling?

  It generates a representative sample as each member has an equal chance of being selected
• What is a weakness of random sampling?

  Some people may refuse to participate, leading to a less representative sample
• What is stratified sampling?


  A technique that identifies subgroups within the target population and takes a random sample from each
• What is a strength of stratified sampling?


  It ensures each subgroup within the population receives proper representation within the sample
• What is a weakness of stratified sampling?

  It is very time-consuming and people can still refuse to take part
• What is sample error?

  When a sample differs in quantities from the target population it wants to represent
• What is volunteer sampling?

  A technique that involves gathering a sample of participants who are willing to volunteer themselves
• What is a strength of volunteer sampling?

  It involves minimal effort when selecting a sample and is the most ethical technique
• What is a weakness of volunteer sampling?

  It can lead to a less representative and biased sample
• What is opportunity sampling?


  A technique that makes use of people who happen to be around at the time of the research
• What is a strength of opportunity sampling?

  It is quick and simple
• What is a weakness of opportunity sampling?

  It can lead to a biased sample as not every member of the target population may be around
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of different sampling techniques?

  Random Sampling:

  • Strength: Generates a representative sample
  • Weakness: Some may refuse to participate

  
  

  Stratified Sampling:

  • Strength: Ensures proper representation of subgroups
  • Weakness: Time-consuming and potential for refusal

  
  

  Volunteer Sampling:

  • Strength: Minimal effort and ethical
  • Weakness: Less representative and biased

  
  

  Opportunity Sampling:

  • Strength: Quick and simple
  • Weakness: Can lead to biased samples