Ap Human Note card 2 unit 2

• Arithmetic Density


  The total number of people per unit area of land is also called crude density.
• Psychological density


  The total number of people per unit of arable land.
• Agricultural Density


  The total number of farmers per unit of arable land.
• Arable land / farmland


  land suitable for growing crops /a land that can be used to grow crops
• Overpopulation


  A term used to describe the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life. Exceeds carrying capacity.
• Carrying Capacity


  Maximum population size an environment can sustain
• What is a Population Pyramid?

  A bar graph used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a given population.
• How are cohorts defined in a Population Pyramid?

  By groups of five-year increments.
• Sex Ratio


  The number of males per 100 females in the population. The proportion of males to females in a population for example men to female ratio of 101:100
• What does RNI stand for?

  Rate of Natural Increase
• How is RNI calculated?

  (birth rate - death rate)/10
• What does a positive RNI indicate about a population?

  It is growing
• What does a negative RNI indicate about a population?

  It is shrinking
• What does RNI represent in terms of population growth?

  The percentage growth of a population in a year
• What is the Doubling Time (DT) also known as?

  Rule of 70
• What does the Doubling Time (DT) represent?

  The number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double
• What is the formula to calculate Doubling Time (DT) using the Rule of 70?

  70 divided by the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) equals Doubling Time (DT)
• What does the Dependency Ratio measure?

  The ratio of dependent age group (under 15 and over the age of 65) to working age group (15 to 64)
• How is the Dependency Ratio calculated?

  Number of dependents / Number of working-age people * 100
• Ravenstein's Laws of Migration


  Patterns in how people move
• What is Ravenstein's First Law of Migration?

  Most migration is over a short distance.
• What is Ravenstein's Second Law of Migration?

  Migration occurs in steps.
• What is Ravenstein's Third Law of Migration?

  Long-range migrants usually move to urban areas.
• What is Ravenstein's Fourth Law of Migration?

  Each migration produces a movement in the opposite direction.
• What is Ravenstein's Fifth Law of Migration?

  Rural dwellers are more migratory than urban dwellers.
• What is Ravenstein's Sixth Law of Migration?

  Within their own country, females are more migratory than males.
• What is Ravenstein's Seventh Law of Migration?

  Most migrants are adults.
• What is Ravenstein's Eighth Law of Migration?

  Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase.
• What is Ravenstein's Ninth Law of Migration?

  Migration increases with economic development.
• What is Ravenstein's Tenth Law of Migration?

  Migration is mostly due to economic causes.
• Define Life Expectancy.


  The average number of years a person is expected to live.
• What factors influence life expectancy in core countries?

  Access to healthcare and technology, leading to an average of 80 years or more.
• What factors influence life expectancy in peripheral countries?

  Limited access to healthcare and technologies, resulting in an average of around 60 years.
• What does CBR stand for?


  Crude Birth Rate
• How is Crude Birth Rate calculated?

  Number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a population
• Can you provide an example of calculating CBR?

  Divide the number of babies born per year by 1000 for example 15,000 babies by 1000
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

  The number of births per 1,000 people per year in a given population.
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)


  The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year in a given population.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)


  The average number of children a woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years (ages 15-49).
• What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

  It is a model that describes the transition of demographic patterns from high birth and death rates to low rates as a country industrializes.