1/5 APUSH UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5

• By 1775….

  • COLONIAL POPULATIONS GREW QUICKLY- VERY FERTILE FOLKS!
  • AVERAGE AGE LESS THAN 20!!!
  • DIVERSE WITH MANY IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS
  • GERMANS, SCOTS-IRISH (PAXTON BOYS MARCH ON PHILLY IN 1764, NC “REGULATOR MOVEMENT” IN LATE 1760S- AGAINST WEALTHY EASTERNERS
• By 1775….

  • AFRICAN SLAVE NUMBERS GREW STEADILY
  • ADDED TO MIXED CULTURE OF SOUTH (WORDS, MUSIC, RELIGION, ETC.)
• ECONOMICS

  • MERCANTILISM AND TRIANGLE TRADE
  • PARLIAMENT PASSED NAVIGATION ACTS IN 1660s- DESIGNED TO STOP COMPETITION BETWEEN BRITISH HOME INDUTRIES AND COLONIAL MANUFACTURING (WOOL ACT, HAT ACT, IRON ACT, ETC.)
  • COLONIES WERE TO BE RECIPIENTS OF BRITIAN’S EXPORTS
• ROLE OF RELIGION

  • ANGLICANISM OFFICIAL IN SOUTHERN COLONIES (AND SOME OF NEW YORK)
  • CONGREGATIONALIST CHURCH OFFICIAL IN ALL NEW ENGLAND EXCEPT FOR… ?? (GUESSES)
  • RELIGIOUS FERVOR STEADILY DECREASED 
• ROLE OF RELIGION

  • BELIEFS IN FREE WILL AND GOOD WORKS UNDERMINED THE ELECT
  • RELIGION NEEDED TO BE REINVIGORATED!
  • THE GREAT AWAKENING HAD ARRIVED!
• ROLE OF RELIGION

  1.  RELIGIOUS ZEAL WANED BY MID 1600’S

  2.  CONVERSIONS (TO BECOME ELECT) DROPPED OFF

  3.  “HALF-WAY COVENANT”- PEOPLE COULD BE BAPTIZED, BUT NOT TAKE COMMUNION

  4.  WIDENED CHURCH MEMBERSHIP

  5.  DIMINISHED IMPORTANCE OF ELECT
• GREAT AWAKENING

  • 1730s AND 1740s- **FIRST MASS COLONIAL MOVEMENT!!!!!!!!!!
  • CHARACTERIZED BY “FIRE AND BRIMSTONE” PREACHING (JONATHAN EDWARDS)
  • GEORGE WHITEFILED TOOK A LESS SCARY MESSAGE AND STYLE TO THE MASSES- LED TO MASSIVE CONVERSIONS AND RETURN TO THE CHURCH
• OLD LIGHTS VS. NEW LIGHTS

  • “OLD LIGHTS” WERE ORTHODOX CLERGY (AND USUALLY OLDER)
  • “NEW LIGHTS” WERE EVANGENLICAL PREACHERS (USUALLY YOUNGER)- MORE EMOTIONAL, MORE PERSONAL
  • CAUSED SPLITS FROM CONGEGATIONALIST CHURCH- BAPTISTS, METHODISTS, LUTHERANS ALL PICKED UP MEMBERS
• OLD LIGHTS VS. NEW LIGHTS

  • LED TO “NEW LIGHT” TEACHING SCHOOLS: PRINCETON, RUTGERS, DARTMOUTH, BROWN, ETC.
• EDUCATION

  • USUALLY RESERVED FOR WEALTHY IN ENGLAND
  • PURITANS PROMOTED EDUCATION (BETTER TO HELP STUDY RELIGION)
  • SCHOOLS TENDED TO BE STRICT, CONFORMIST, VARYING IN QUALITY
  • GEOGRAPHY LIMITED PROMOTION OF EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH
• • ARTS/MUSIC/ARCHITECTURE TOTALLY DOMINATED BY ENGLISH STYLES
  • POETRY OF PHILLIS WHEATLEY AND BEN FRANKLIN’S “POOR RICHARD’S ALMANAC” WERE EXCEPTIONS
  • JOHN PETER ZENGER TRIAL ILLUSTRATED EARLY IDEAL OF “FREEDOM OF THE PRESS”
• POLITICS

  • ROYAL COLONIES AND PROPRIETARY COLONIES (2 SELF-GOVERNING: CT & RI)
  • TAXES WERE LOCALLY ADMINISTERED BY COLONISTS WHO WERE REPRESENTED IN THEIR OWN COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
  • RELIGIOUS AND PROPERY REQUIREMENTS TO VOTE IN ALL COLONIES
  • BUT…MORE DEMOCRACY THEN IN ENGLAND