Biology kidney structure

• What is the primary function of the kidney?

  The primary function of the kidney is to filter blood and produce urine.
• What is the role of Bowman's capsule in the kidney?

  Bowman's capsule is involved in the filtration of blood to form urine.
• What are the main structures of the kidney involved in urine formation?

  • Bowman's capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
• What is the significance of the fenestrations in the capillary endothelium?

  Fenestrations allow blood plasma and dissolved substances to pass out of the capillary.
• Why is the barrier between blood in the capillary and Bowman's capsule important?

  This barrier is important for enabling ultrafiltration of blood to form urine.
• How do the proximal and distal convoluted tubules differ in structure?

  The proximal convoluted tubule has a brush border, while the distal convoluted tubule does not.
• Why is it essential for the nephron to be surrounded by capillaries?

  It is essential for efficient exchange of substances between the blood and the nephron.
• Why must the absorption of water in the kidney occur against a concentration gradient?

  This is necessary to concentrate urine and conserve water in the body.
• What is the function of the collecting duct in the kidney?

  The collecting duct is responsible for the final concentration of urine.
• What are the layers of the filtration barrier in the kidney?

  • Endothelium of the capillary
  • Basement membrane
  • Podocytes of Bowman's capsule
• What is the role of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

  The loop of Henle is involved in the concentration of urine through the reabsorption of water and salts.
• How does the kidney maintain homeostasis in the body?

  The kidney maintains homeostasis by regulating water, electrolytes, and waste products in the blood.
• What is the significance of the renal artery and renal vein in kidney function?

  The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney, while the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney.