Superpowers

• What are the tensions that arise from the growing resource needs of superpowers and emerging nations?

  Tensions are disruptions in relationships via demand and acquisition of resources.
• Why do superpowers and BRICs need resources?

  They need resources to suit their growing populations.
• What is a significant cause of tensions in the Arctic Ocean region?

  Tensions arise from attempts to acquire resources, with large stores under the Arctic Ocean claimed by multiple countries.
• Which countries increased military patrols around the Arctic Ocean in 2007?

  Russia, Denmark, Canada, and the USA.
• What is a cause of tensions in the South China Sea?

  Tensions are caused by China creating new islands to expand its global influence and military bases.
• How does China's expansion in the South China Sea affect neighboring countries?

  It leads to disputes with countries around the islands who claim the territory as theirs.
• What fear contributed to Russia's invasion of Crimea?

  Fear of missing out on resources and control of a naval base contributed to the invasion.
• What is the economic contribution of Walmart to the USA economy?

  $48 million.
• What distinguishes public-led TNCs from state-led TNCs?

  Public-led TNCs are owned by private stakeholders, while state-led TNCs are owned by governments.
• How many of the top 20 TNCs are Chinese and state-owned?

  4 of the top 20 are Chinese and state-owned.
• How do TNCs contribute to the global economy?

  TNCs dominate the global economy, with the top 200 providing 25% of global output.
• How does Russia's natural gas abundance affect its economy?

  Russia exports natural gas, boosting its economy and contributing to its status as a superpower.
• What is the primary way the United States exerts soft power globally?

  Through its film and television exports.
• How do Hollywood films influence global perceptions of the U.S.?

  They spread American values, language, and lifestyle worldwide.
• How do technology giants like Facebook and Twitter contribute to U.S. soft power?

  They facilitate global access to American content and ideas.
• What role do British institutions play in the UK's soft power?


  Institutions like the BBC and British Museum enhance its cultural influence.
• What is a significant aspect of the UK's cultural diplomacy?

  The global fascination with the British Royal Family.
• What is the role of prestigious UK universities in soft power?

  They attract global students, promoting British intellectual influence.
• How does Netflix contribute to U.S. soft power?

  By providing global audiences with American content.
• How has Netflix helped spread Korean culture?

  By investing in Korean dramas for a wider audience.
• What is a significant aspect of U.S. hard power?

  Its global military presence.
• How does the U.S. blend hard and soft power?

  By using military capabilities alongside diplomacy and media influence.
• What is an example of U.S. economic sanctions as hard power?

  Sanctions imposed on Iran and Russia.
• How does China combine hard and soft power?

  Through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and economic investments.
• How does Russia use hybrid power?

  By blending soft and hard power through information warfare and military leverage.
• What challenges does China face in exerting soft power?

  Negative perceptions around human rights abuses and censorship.
• How has the U.S.'s soft power been weakened?

  By events like the Iraq War and political polarization.
• In which regions does France have strong influence?

  The Francophone world, particularly in former colonies in Africa.
• What is a significant aspect of India's soft power?

  Bollywood's influence, especially in South Asia and the Middle East.
• How does India's global influence remain focused?

  It remains regionally focused, with developing economic soft power.
• What is the basis of China's relationship with many African countries?


  Trade of resources that will eventually run out
• What is a potential consequence of the resources traded between China and African countries?


  These resources may eventually run out
• How does the relationship between China and some African countries compare to that of European countries?


  It can exploit politically weak and vulnerable countries
• What environmental impact has the race to supply China with materials caused in Zambia?


  Mining for copper has destroyed parts of Zambia
• What is the name of the mine in Zambia that has caused significant environmental damage?

  The Nchanga mine
• What has happened to the landscape around the Nchanga mine?


  It is unlikely the landscape will ever recover
• What environmental issues have countries like Angola and Chad faced due to supplying oil to China?

  Oil spills that have affected water sources and contaminated farmland
• How do toxic waste materials from new industries affect water sources in vulnerable countries?

  They can more easily find their way into water sources when not controlled
• What is a consequence of the growing marketplace of Chinese goods for African manufacturing?


  There is more competition against African manufacturing
• What type of jobs are generated from Chinese investment in Africa?


  Low-paid and short-term jobs