Protein synthesis

• What do DNA molecules contain that determines which proteins are made?

  A genetic code
• How do proteins influence the cells in the body?

  Proteins determine how all the cells in the body function
• What is the process called that DNA controls in a cell?

  Protein synthesis
• What is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein called?

  A gene
• What are proteins made up of?

  Chains of molecules called amino acids
• Why does each protein have a different function?

  Because each protein has a different shape due to the order and number of amino acids
• What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?

  The order of the bases in a gene
• What is the term for the sequence of three bases in a gene that codes for an amino acid?

  Triplet code
• How are amino acids joined together to make proteins?

  Following the order of the bases in the gene
• Where is DNA found in the cell?

  In the cell nucleus
• Why can't DNA move out of the nucleus?

  Because it's really big
• What molecule is used to transfer information from DNA to ribosomes?

  mRNA
• How does mRNA differ from DNA?

  mRNA is shorter and only a single strand
• What happens during the transcription process?

  The DNA strands unzip around the gene, and mRNA is made using DNA as a template
• What ensures that mRNA is complementary to the DNA strand?

  Base pairing
• What occurs after mRNA moves out of the nucleus?

  It joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm
• What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

  It brings amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order
• What is the process called where amino acids are joined together to make proteins?

  Translation
• What are the main steps of protein synthesis?

  1. Transcription: DNA is used as a template to create mRNA.
  2. mRNA moves to the ribosome.
  3. Translation: tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
  4. Amino acids are joined together in the correct order to form proteins.
• What is the function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

  It is the site where proteins are synthesized
• How does the sequence of bases in DNA relate to the synthesis of proteins?

  The sequence of bases in DNA is copied to create mRNA, which codes for the sequence of amino acids in proteins
• How does the process of transcription differ from translation in protein synthesis?

  Transcription involves creating mRNA from DNA, while translation involves assembling amino acids into proteins
• What is the relationship between genes and proteins?

  • Genes code for specific proteins.
  • Each gene has a unique sequence of bases.
  • The sequence of bases determines the order of amino acids in the protein.
• What are the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • mRNA: Carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes.
  • tRNA: Brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence.