Unit 1

• What is a coast?

  A coast is where the land meets the sea.
• What are some examples of coastal landscapes?

  Examples include sand beaches, shingle beaches, and cliffs.
• What is coastal erosion?

  Coastal erosion is the wearing away or breaking down of materials like rock.
• What are the types of erosion that affect coastlines?

  The types of erosion include hydraulic action, abrasion, and corrosion.
• How does hydraulic action contribute to coastal erosion?

  Hydraulic action forces water into cracks in the rock, causing them to split apart.
• What is abrasion in the context of coastal erosion?

  Abrasion occurs when waves pick up rocks from the sea and smash them against the cliffs.
• What is attrition in coastal erosion?

  Attrition is when the sea picks up rocks and knocks them into one another, breaking them down.
• What factors influence the strength of waves?

  Factors include wind strength, wind duration, and the distance over which the wind blows.
• What are the two types of waves mentioned?

  The two types of waves are constructive and destructive waves.
• How do constructive waves affect beaches?

  Constructive waves gently transport sand up the beach, building it up.
• How do destructive waves affect beaches?

  Destructive waves erode the beach and remove sand.
• What is longshore drift?

  Longshore drift is the movement of sand along the coast due to wave action.
• How do spits form?

  Spits form where there is a change in direction of the coastline and are created by longshore drift.
• What happens to a spit when the wind changes direction?

  A hook can develop at the end of the spit when the wind blows from a different direction.
• How do headlands and bays form?

  Headlands and bays form due to the erosion of alternating soft and hard rock along the coastline.
• What is the difference between hard engineering and soft engineering in coastal management?

  Hard engineering involves expensive artificial structures, while soft engineering is cheaper and more natural.
• What are some examples of hard engineering methods?

  Examples include sea walls, groynes, and rock armor.
• What are some advantages and disadvantages of groynes?

  Advantages include widening the beach, while disadvantages include a short lifespan and potential for erosion elsewhere.
• What is managed retreat in coastal management?

  Managed retreat involves allowing certain areas to erode naturally while protecting others.
• What are some conflicts related to coastal management along the Holderness coast?

  Conflicts include the balance between protecting property and preserving natural habitats.
• What are the processes that lead to the formation of stacks?


  • Erosion of headlands
  • Formation of caves
  • Collapse of caves to form arches
  • Arches erode and collapse to form stacks
• What are the steps involved in the formation of a beach?

  1. Waves break up rocks along the coastline.
  2. Small pieces of rock are carried along by waves.
  3. These pieces are deposited in a sheltered bay.
  4. Constructive waves build up the beach.
• What are the characteristics of constructive and destructive waves?

  • Constructive waves: gentle, build up beaches, low energy.
  • Destructive waves: strong, erode beaches, high energy.
• What are the types of coastal management strategies?

  • Hard engineering: sea walls, groynes, rock armor.
  • Soft engineering: beach nourishment, managed retreat.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of hard engineering methods?

  Advantages:

  • Effective in protecting coastlines
  • Long-lasting

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Expensive
  • Can disrupt natural processes
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of soft engineering methods?

  Advantages:

  • More natural appearance
  • Cheaper

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • May be less effective
  • Requires ongoing maintenance
• What is the date mentioned in the study material for CIW?

  10/10/24
• What conflicts are caused by management on the Holderness coastline?


  Building weakens the cliff and adds weight, leading to erosion
• What natural process is causing the cliffs to erode on the Holderness coastline?


  Sea erosion
• What is the main issue happening in the Holderness coastline?


  The coastline is eroding and there are no beaches
• What method can be used to protect the cliffs from erosion?

  Rock armour
• How do groynes help in coastal protection?


  They trap sand and create wider beaches
• What is the date mentioned for the homework assignment?

  12/10/24
• What happened during Activity 1?

  Erosion occurred
• What is the most important decision regarding the Happisburgh area?


  To save the remaining coastline from destruction
• What is a headland?


  A land or cliff that juts out into the sea
• What are caves in geological terms?


  Narrow chambers in a rock
• What is a caye?


  A narrow opening in a cliff made by wave action
• What is an arch in coastal geography?


  A curved structure left when the sea erodes a cave
• What is a stack?


  An isolated pillar of rock remaining after the collapse of a sea arch