Durham Cathedral Case Study

• What architectural style is Durham Cathedral built in?

  Norman, or Romanesque
• Why were churches in Normandy before 1066 of moderate size?

  Because the wealth available in newly-conquered England allowed for grander constructions
• What was William's intention after his victory at Hastings?

  To stamp his authority on his newly conquered kingdom
• Durham Cathedral


  Norman cathedral showcasing Romanesque architectural style.
• Norman England: Period from c.1066 to c.1100 after the Conquest.
• Prince Bishops: Bishops with powers of an Earl, controlling vast estates.
• St Cuthbert


  Northumbrian monk revered for holiness and miracles.
• Great Church: Predecessor to Durham Cathedral, originally a pilgrimage site.
• Romanesque architecture: Style characterized by thick walls and rounded arches.
• Viking raids

  Frequent attacks threatening Northumbrian religious sites.
• White Church: Initial church built to house St Cuthbert's tomb.
• Chester-le-Street


  Location where St Cuthbert's relics were temporarily housed.
• Relics


  Holy remains of saints, attracting pilgrims and revenue.
• Pilgrimage


  Journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.
• Causation

  Understanding reasons behind historical events and developments.
• Continuity

  Elements that remain unchanged over time in history.
• Causation and consequence: Linking events to their effects in historical analysis.
• Location significance: Strategic placement of Durham for military and religious control.
• Architectural features: Elements like thick walls and patterned columns in design.
• Natural defenses


  Geographical features providing protection against invasions.
• Imposing design: Architectural style meant to impress visitors and convey power.
• Historical context: Understanding events and developments surrounding a specific site.
• Anglo-Saxon traditions


  Cultural practices preceding Norman influence in England.
• Military presence: Visible force to deter local rebellions and threats.
• Religious authority: Spiritual power held by church leaders over communities.
• Design reflection


  Architecture mirroring cultural values and societal norms.
• Historical events: Key occurrences impacting the development of a site.
• Exam focus: Assessment targets knowledge and understanding of historical sites.
• Resource pack


  Guidance materials for teaching about Durham Cathedral.
• Second order concepts

  Analytical frameworks for exploring historical significance.
• Cultural continuity

  Preservation of traditions through changes in governance.
• Design Features

  Simple elements combined for grandeur and impact.
• Window Proportions


  Limited wall space dedicated to windows.
• Symbolic Light


  Light used to highlight sacred areas.
• Nave


  Main gathering space for worship and community.
• Altar Location: Positioned at the eastern end of the cathedral.
• Cloister

  Monastic area promoting community and economy.
• Crusader Influence


  Inspired by fortresses and large decorative churches.
• Ribbed Vaults

  First in Europe, allowed for greater heights.
• Pointed Arches

  Revolutionary design overcoming span limitations.