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Biology
Paper 2
Reproduction
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Cards (19)
What is sexual reproduction?
Joining
(
fusion
)
of male and female gametes
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What type of cell division is involved in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
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What type of cell division is involved in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
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What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces four daughter cells
(
gametes
),
each with a single set of chromosomes
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What are the male and female sex chromosomes in humans?
XX
–
female
,
XY
– male
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What are the male and female gametes in flowering plants?
Pollen
–
male
gamete,
ovule
–
female
gamete
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What is the genetic material in cells called?
DNA
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What is the structure of DNA?
Two complementary strands forming a double helix
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What is a gene?
Small
section of
DNA
that
codes
for a
particular amino acid sequence
, to
make
a
specific protein
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What are alleles?
Different forms of the same gene
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What is a recessive allele?
Allele that needs to be present twice to be expressed
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What is a dominant allele?
Allele that is always expressed
,
even if only one copy is present
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What is a genome?
The
entire genetic material
of an
organism
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Define the term homozygous.
Two of the same alleles present in
an
organism
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Define the term heterozygous.
Two different alleles present in
an
organism
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What type of allele causes polydactyly?
Dominant allele
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What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?
Recessive allele
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How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?
23 pairs
(
46
)
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Why is studying the human genome important?
Search for genes linked to certain diseases
Understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
Tracing past human migration
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