Mitosis and meiosis

• What is cell division?

  Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
• Why is cell division essential for living organisms?

  It is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.
• What are the primary functions of cell division in living organisms?

  Cell division is crucial for growth, repair, and reproduction.
• What are the key points regarding cell division?

  • It allows organisms to grow and repair damaged tissues.
  • It is crucial for reproduction in single-celled organisms.
  • It is vital for development and maintenance in multicellular organisms.
• What are the two main types of cell division?

  The two main types of cell division are mitosis and meiosis.
• What is the outcome of mitosis?

  Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
• In which type of cells does mitosis occur?

  Mitosis occurs in somatic (body) cells.
• What is the purpose of meiosis?

  Meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells.
• In which type of cells does meiosis occur?

  Meiosis occurs in gamete-producing cells.
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis maintains the chromosome number; meiosis halves it.
  • Mitosis produces two cells; meiosis produces four.
  • Meiosis involves genetic recombination; mitosis does not.
• What is cell differentiation?

  Cell differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.
• What changes occur during cell differentiation?

  Cells change in structure and function.
• What factors influence cell differentiation?

  Cell differentiation is influenced by chemical signals, environmental factors, and internal genetic programs.
• When does cell differentiation occur?

  Cell differentiation occurs during embryonic development and continues in some adult tissues.
• What is an example of cell differentiation?

  A stem cell in bone marrow can differentiate into various types of blood cells.
• What are the steps involved in cell differentiation?

  1. Gene regulation: Activation or repression of certain genes.
  2. Protein synthesis: New proteins are made based on active genes.
  3. Structural changes: The cell's shape and organelles may change.
  4. Functional specialization: The cell develops specific abilities.
• What role do chemical signals play in cell differentiation?

  Chemical signals from other cells influence the differentiation process.
• Why are cell division and differentiation important in living organisms?

  1. Growth and development: Allows organisms to grow and develop specialized cells.
  2. Tissue repair and regeneration: Replaces damaged or worn-out cells.
  3. Reproduction: Produces gametes for sexual reproduction and new individuals in asexual reproduction.
  4. Maintaining homeostasis: Helps maintain balance in the body.
  5. Adaptation and evolution: Introduces genetic variation for adaptation.
• How does cell division contribute to tissue repair?

  Cell division replaces damaged or worn-out cells, ensuring tissue function is maintained.
• What is the role of meiosis in reproduction?

  Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction.
• What is the significance of genetic variation introduced by meiosis?

  Genetic variation allows for adaptation and evolution over time.
• How do skin cells demonstrate the processes of cell division and differentiation?

  Skin cells constantly divide and differentiate to replace old cells and maintain skin function.
• Which process relies on cell division but not necessarily on cell differentiation?

  Asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms relies on cell division without significant differentiation.
• What is yeast budding?

  Yeast budding is a form of asexual reproduction where a small bud forms on the parent cell, grows, and then separates, primarily involving cell division.
• What is binary fission in bacteria?

  Binary fission is a simple form of asexual reproduction where a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
• How does binary fission differ from processes that involve differentiation?

  Binary fission primarily involves cell division without significant differentiation, while other processes create specialized cells.
• What is the role of cell division in maintaining homeostasis?

  Continuous cell division helps maintain the body's balance by replacing old or damaged cells.
• How does cell differentiation contribute to specialized functions in multicellular organisms?

  Cell differentiation allows cells to develop specialized roles, enabling the formation of diverse tissues and organs.
• What is interphase in the cell cycle?

  Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases and accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.
• What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

  DNA replication occurs during the S phase.
• What is the purpose of the G2 phase in the cell cycle?

  The G2 phase involves further growth and preparation for mitosis.
• What happens during the M phase of the cell cycle?

  The M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis, leading to cell division.
• Which phase of the cell cycle immediately follows DNA replication?

  The G2 phase immediately follows DNA replication in the S phase.
• What occurs during prophase in mitosis?

  During prophase, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
• What is the key event in metaphase of mitosis?

  In metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
• What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?

  During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
• What happens during telophase in mitosis?

  During telophase, nuclear envelopes reform and chromosomes decondense.
• When does cytokinesis typically begin?

  Cytokinesis typically begins during late anaphase or telophase.
• What is the definition of the cell cycle?

  The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.
• Cell Division

  A process that reproduces cells, allowing growth, development, tissue repair, and reproduction.