Rebellion

• What was the main reason for the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion?

  Opposition to the Henrician Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries
• What were the primary reasons given in the Pontefract and York Articles for the rebellion?

  The Dissolution of the Monasteries, confiscation of property, and the activities of the king's advisers
• Who led the rebellion during the Pilgrimage of Grace?

  Robert Aske
• What was the scale of the rebellion in terms of the number of rebels?

  Some 30,000 rebels gathered from all over the North of England
• What was the significance of the rumors about Charles V and Reginald Pole during the rebellion?

  They suggested a potential invasion and a threat to Henry VIII's rule
• How many troops did the King manage to raise to confront the rebels?

  8,000 troops
• Why did the rebellion fail?

  The King never seriously considered compromise and refused to abandon Cromwell
• What was the nature of the rebellion in terms of its organization and loyalty?

  The rebellion was peaceful, well organized, and the rebels were essentially loyal
• What happened to the rebel leaders after the rebellion was suppressed?

  Some 178 people, including Aske and Lord Darcy, were executed for treason
• What were the economic developments in England during the sixteenth century?

  • Rural depopulation led to town growth
  • London grew from 50,000 in 1500 to 200,000 in 1600
  • Towns like York, Exeter, and Norwich grew to about 20,000
  • Immigration contributed to urban growth
  • 90% of trade went through London
  • No internal trade barriers created a national market
  • Growth of a middle class recognized by increased MPs
• What was the impact of enclosure on peasants during the sixteenth century?

  Enclosure often led to peasants being thrown off the land or becoming landless laborers
• What was the purpose of enclosure during the sixteenth century?

  To change land use from arable crop growing to pasturage for sheep
• Who launched inquiries into illegal enclosure of land?

  Wolsey
• What was the outcome of Wolsey's inquiries into enclosure?

  The inquiries achieved little but showed Wolsey's interest in the problems of the poor
• What were the economic conditions in the first half of the sixteenth century?

  • High inflation and hardship for the population
  • Contributed to the Pilgrimage of Grace
  • Wealthy gentry benefited from the dissolution of monasteries
  • Increased landholdings led to greater social standing
  • Gentry served as Knights of the Shire and JPs
• What was the role of the gentry during the sixteenth century?

  The gentry served as Knights of the Shire and Justices of the Peace