Consolidation of Power 1485-99

• What years did Henry VII consolidate power?

  1485-1499
• What personal strengths did Henry VII possess that aided in consolidating his rule?


  His cautious nature and diplomatic skills
• How did Henry VII's cautious approach to governance manifest in his early reign?


  He backdated his reign to August 21st, 1485, branding Yorkists as traitors
• What was the significance of the Acts of Attainder during Henry VII's reign?

  They allowed him to seize property from Yorkists and increase royal revenue
• How did Henry VII ensure loyalty among the nobility?


  By conferring knighthoods on key supporters and detaining potential threats
• Who was made Lord Chamberlain by Henry VII?


  Sir William Stanley
• What was a potential weakness in Henry VII's choice of advisors?


  His misplaced trust in Sir William Stanley, who later conspired against him
• How did Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth of York contribute to his rule?


  It united the houses of Lancaster and York, legitimizing his claim
• What symbol represented the union of Lancaster and York?


  The Tudor rose
• What was the outcome of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492?


  It ended French support for the Yorkist pretender Perkin Warbeck
• What did the Treaty of Ayton in 1497 achieve?


  It secured a marriage alliance between Henry's daughter and James IV of Scotland
• How did Henry VII respond to the Simnel Rebellion?


  He decisively crushed the rebellion at the Battle of Stoke
• What was the significance of Perkin Warbeck's rebellion?


  It posed a significant challenge to Henry's reign and lasted over eight years
• How did Henry VII ultimately deal with Perkin Warbeck?


  He captured and executed Warbeck in 1499
• What role did Henry VII's intelligence network play in his consolidation of power?


  It helped infiltrate Warbeck's plans, demonstrating a methodical approach to threats
• What was the impact of William Stanley's exposure as a conspirator?


  It showed Henry's vulnerability in trusting those close to him
• What external factors aided Henry VII's consolidation of power?


  The weakened state of the Yorkists and the role of Parliament
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Stoke in 1487?


  It marked the end of the War of the Roses
• How did Henry VII's first parliament contribute to his power?

  It passed Acts of Attainder and granted customs revenue for life
• What administrative reforms did Henry VII implement to consolidate power?


  He utilized the Council Learned in Law and Justices of the Peace (JPs)
• What was the role of the Council Learned in Law?

  To maintain royal revenues through Bonds and Recognizances
• How did Justices of the Peace (JPs) function in Henry VII's governance?


  They enforced laws and dealt with disputes on the king's behalf
• What challenges did Henry VII face regarding his claim to the throne?


  His claim was weak and faced numerous threats, including Perkin Warbeck
• What does the conclusion suggest about Henry VII's consolidation of power?


  It was linked to both his personal strengths and external factors
• What event marked Henry VII's rise to the throne?


  The Battle of Bosworth in 1485
• What were the two main factors that aided Henry VII's consolidation of power?

  His personal strengths and external factors
• How did Henry VII backdate his reign, and what was its significance?


  He backdated it to August 21st, 1485, branding Yorkists as traitors
• How did Henry VII neutralize noble threats during his reign?


  By conferring knighthoods and detaining key Yorkist figures
• Who was appointed as Lord Chamberlain under Henry VII?


  Sir William Stanley
• What was the impact of Sir William Stanley's appointment?


  It had a positive impact but later resulted in betrayal
• What was the significance of Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth of York?


  It united the houses of Lancaster and York
• What symbolized the union of Lancaster and York?

  The Tudor Rose
• What was the Treaty of Etaples (1492) about?


  It ended French support for Perkin Warbeck and secured financial compensation
• What was secured by the Treaty of Ayton (1497)?


  A marriage alliance between Henry's daughter and James IV of Scotland
• How did Henry VII respond to the Simnel Rebellion in 1487?


  He took decisive military action at the Battle of Stoke
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Stoke?


  It marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and established Henry's authority
• Who was Perkin Warbeck?


  A pretender to the throne supported by foreign and domestic factions
• What role did Sir William Stanley play in Perkin Warbeck's story?


  He betrayed Henry VII by supporting Warbeck
• How did Henry VII handle Warbeck's execution?


  He managed it successfully through diplomatic efforts
• What was the role of intelligence and espionage in Henry VII's reign?


  He used spies like Sir Robert Clifford to infiltrate Warbeck’s network