DAT

• What is differential association theory?

  It is a social learning theory of crime proposed by Sutherland in 1939.
• How does differential association theory explain the learning of criminal behavior?

  Crime is learned through the relationships and associations we form with those around us.
• What method did Sutherland propose to predict criminal behavior?

  By counting the number of pro-criminal associations and comparing them to anti-criminal associations.
• What happens if pro-criminal exposure outweighs anti-criminal exposure according to Sutherland's theory?

  It will produce a criminal.
• What types of associations are included in differential association theory?

  Associations include exposure to anti or pro-criminal norms and values through relationships, social norms, and media.
• What is an example of a technique that could be learned through pro-criminal associations?

  Learning how to pick locks.
• Why do many criminals reoffend after being in prison according to differential association theory?

  Inmates form new associations and learn new techniques from one another.
• What type of crimes was Sutherland particularly interested in?

  White collar crimes of the middle classes, such as fraud.
• How does differential association theory address social and cultural discrimination?

  It does not discriminate against any social or cultural group.
• How does Sutherland's theory differ from Lombroso’s theory?

  Sutherland's theory focuses on nurture rather than nature, unlike Lombroso's biological approach.
• What proactive solutions could be implemented based on differential association theory?

  Education, exposure to positive role models, and moderation of media influence.
• What is a limitation of differential association theory regarding measurement?

  It is impossible to accurately measure the number of pro-criminal and anti-criminal associations an individual is exposed to.
• What is the significance of the "danger" score in differential association theory?

  There is no specific figure that indicates the level of vulnerability to offending, undermining scientific credibility.
• What did Mednick (1984) find regarding adopted boys and criminal behavior?

  Boys adopted by parents with a criminal record were more likely to offend than those whose adoptive parents had no criminal record.
• How does Mednick's finding support differential association theory?

  It illustrates the importance of exposure to pro-criminal role models.