Rivalry, war, & Spanish Armada

• What was a significant reason for the war between England and Spain in 1585?

  Commercial rivalry
• Why did Spain control much of the world's trade in the late 16th century?


  Because it had established a vast empire in the Americas
• What did Spain have a near monopoly on during the late 16th century?


  Trade in gold and silver from the Americas
• How did Spanish rulers impact England's textile industry?


  They sometimes tried to restrict wool exports to England
• What was the impact of new campaigns and strategies on trade during the early modern period?


  They led to more aggressive tactics to eliminate rivals
• What was the significance of the licences issued by Spain for English merchants?


  They allowed English merchants to carry goods, often leading to piracy
• What was the financial concern that led Elizabeth to support privateers?


  She provided for some of their expenses
• What was the outcome of the sack of St. Augustine and the capture of the Cacafuego?


  These incidents were significant acts of piracy
• Where was Francis Drake knighted after his circumnavigation of the globe?


  Plymouth
• How did Elizabeth show her financial commitment to Drake?


  By giving him gifts
• What were the main causes of war between England and Spain?

  • Trade and commercial rivalry
  • Religious conflict
  • Political rivalry
• Why was religious conflict a significant reason for war between England and Spain?

  Because Elizabeth was Protestant and Philip II was Catholic
• What event caused tension among Catholic countries after Elizabeth's accession?


  England's return to Protestantism
• What was Philip II's duty as a Catholic King regarding England?


  To restore Catholicism to England
• How did Philip II's view of Elizabeth's religious changes contribute to the war?


  He saw it as unacceptable for her to change England's religion
• Why did Philip II wait before going to war with England?


  He wanted to find the best moment to attack
• Who was England's biggest enemy at the beginning of this period?

  Spain
• How did Spain view its own power in relation to England?


  Spain considered itself superior to England
• What was Philip II's concern regarding France during this period?


  He feared France as a major enemy
• What was the significance of England's involvement in the Netherlands?


  It was important for security and trade access
• What happened in the Netherlands in 1572?


  Protestants rebelled against Spanish rule
• Why did the Dutch rebels ask Elizabeth for help?


  They sought assistance against Spanish rule
• How did Philip II use the Netherlands in relation to trade?


  He used it to control trade in the English Channel
• What was the importance of the English Channel for both England and Spain?


  It was crucial for coastal security and trade
• What were the key factors leading to the defeat of the Armada?


  • Control of the seas by England
  • Financial support for privateers
  • Strategic military decisions
• What was the state of England's defenses before the war in 1585?


  They were far up and prepared
• How did trading ships contribute to England's defenses?


  They provided additional ships for defense
• What financial concerns did Elizabeth face as war broke out?


  She anticipated less finance for military efforts
• What was the Treaty of Nonsuch and its significance?


  It marked England's formal support for the Dutch rebels
• Who was Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and what was his role?


  He argued for sending Protestant help to the Dutch provinces
• How did the English Channel influence trade and military strategy?


  It was crucial for both security and trade routes
• What were the specific events that led to the defeat of the Armada?

  Control of the seas and strategic military decisions
• What were the broader implications of the rivalry between England and Spain on European politics?


  It shifted alliances and influenced power dynamics
• What should you consider when starting an enquiry?


  Think about which knowledge organisers will be helpful for this enquiry.
• What is the purpose of defining terminology in an enquiry?


  To clarify the measures that might explain the failure of the Armada.
• What years mark the outbreak of war and the sailing of the Armada?

  1585 to 1588.
• What was the state of England's defenses at the time of the Armada?


  England's defenses were far up, and trading ships provided additional ships.
• How did the change in government affect the financing of the war?


  It forecasted that finance would be less, pushing ahead with the war despite this.
• What was the significance of Drake's expeditions for Spain's resources?


  Drake's expeditions convinced Philip that he could not continue to finance England.
• What event in 1587 was significant for Philip's plans?


  Drake's expedition was one of the two main circumstances that affected Philip's plans.