Civil War

• What does "Manifest Destiny" refer to in the context of the United States?

  Expansion of the United States to connect East to West, Ocean to Ocean
• Who was the 11th President of the United States?

  James Polk
• What was considered the American Dream during the era of westward expansion?

  Being a land owner
• What was the myth of the West during the expansion period?

  It was seen as a land of romance and adventure
• What was the Abolitionist Movement?

  • Aimed to end slavery
  • Created a freed slave state in Liberia, West Africa
  • No significant anti-slavery sentiment in the North during the 1820s and 1830s
• Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

  An abolitionist who believed slavery undermined republican values
• What was the main belief of William Lloyd Garrison regarding slavery?

  He believed slavery was a moral issue rather than an economic one
• What was "The Liberator"?


  A newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison to abolish slavery
• Who was Frederick Douglass?

  A known figure in the abolition of slavery who wrote "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" and "The North Star"
• What role did Harriet Tubman play during the Civil War?

  She was a spy and helped 300 runaway slaves escape to freedom
• What was the Underground Railroad?

  A secret network of trails that helped slaves escape to freedom
• Who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and what was its impact?

  Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote it, and it sold 300,000 copies in the first year
• How did the invention of the Cotton Gin affect slavery in America?

  It increased cotton production and demand, prolonging slavery
• What were the key components of the Compromise of 1850?

  • Nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820
  • California became a free state
  • New Mexico and Utah had popular sovereignty
  • No slave trade in Washington D.C.
  • Fugitive Slave Act enacted
• Who was Stephen Douglas and what was his stance?

  He was a senator from Illinois who supported popular sovereignty
• What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and its effects?

  • Allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska
  • Led to "Bleeding Kansas," a mini civil war
  • Pro-slavery Missourians known as "Border Ruffians" participated
• What was the outcome of Dred Scott v. Sanford in 1857?


  The court ruled that slaves are considered property and have no rights
• What was John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry?

  An armed revolt to end slavery that was ultimately unsuccessful
• Who won the presidential election of 1860?

  Abraham Lincoln
• What was the significance of Fort Sumter in the Civil War?

  It was the first battle of the Civil War
• What were the reasons for fighting in the Civil War from different perspectives?

  Winners:

  • Keep the Union together
  • Emancipation of slavery

  
  

  Losers:

  • "Lost Cause" narrative
  • States' rights perspective
• What advantages did the North and South have during the Civil War?

  North:

  • Larger population
  • Manufacturing industry
  • Better transportation and supplies

  
  

  South:

  • Strong morale
  • Military leaders
  • Familiarity with terrain
• Who was the President of the Confederacy?

  Jefferson Davis
• What was the "Anaconda Plan"?

  The North's strategy to surround and suffocate the South
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run?

  It was a Confederate victory
• What was significant about the Battle of Antietam?

  It was the bloodiest single day of the war and a turning point
• What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

  It declared slaves in the South free but did not affect slaves in border states
• What were the key events in the War in the West during 1863?

  • Vicksburg: Control of the Mississippi River
  • North initiates the Draft
  • NYC Draft Riots
• What was Sherman's "March to the Sea"?

  A military campaign that burned everything in its path through Georgia
• Who was assassinated at Ford's Theater?

  Abraham Lincoln
• What were the four traditions of the Civil War?

  • Lost Cause: waning in public sphere
  • Emancipation: gaining strength
  • Reconciliation: evident in re-enactors and Hollywood
  • Union: almost invisible
• What were the key components of Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction?

  • 10% Plan: 10% of voting population had to take an oath of loyalty
  • Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction: offered pardon to all
• What was President Johnson's Plan for Reconstruction?

  • Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all except high-ranking officers
  • Disfranchised certain leading Confederates
  • Pardoned planter aristocrats
• What were the Black Codes and their purpose?

  • Aimed to stabilize labor supply
  • Affected race relations
  • Forced many blacks into sharecropping
• What was the significance of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?

  • 13th Amendment: abolishes slavery
  • 14th Amendment: grants citizenship
  • 15th Amendment: gives the right to vote to citizens
• What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

  • Divided 10 unreconstructed states into 5 military districts
  • Established military supervision in the South
• What led to President Johnson's impeachment?

  He was charged with "doing harm" which vice presidents aren't supposed to do
• What was the role of the Freedmen's Bureau?

  • Helped former slaves adjust to society
  • Provided education and housing
  • Many northern abolitionists risked their lives to assist
• What were the intimidation tactics used against blacks in Southern politics?

  • Klu Klux Klan (KKK): terrorized blacks and prevented political power
  • Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were used to deny rights
• What led to the abandonment of Reconstruction?

  • Northern support died out
  • Grantism and corruption
  • Panic of 1873 and concerns over westward expansion