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Biology (Notes for lesson)
Unity and Diversity
Nucleic Acid
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DNA carries
genetic code
in
living organisms
DNA is mainly found in the
nucleus
where it forms
chromosomes.
Also found in
chloroplasts
and
mitochondria
in
eukaryotic
cells.
RNA
is main component of ribosome which plays important role for
protein synthesis
Viruses are not consider as
living organisms
as they can not
replicate
themselves
RNA
is maily found in the
nuclus
and
cytoplasm
Both
DNA
and
RNA
are
polymers
which contain
repeated units
called
nucleotides
Nucleotides form:
phosphate groupu
pentose sugar
base
]
the
base
and
phosphate
groups are bonded by
covalent
bond
Nitrogenous base in DNA :
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
The nitrogenous base can be categorised as either
purine
or
pyrimidine
Adenine
and
Thymine
are
purine
bases
Cytosine
and
Guanine
are
pyrimidine
base
The phosphate group and next nucleotides are linked by
condensation
reaction
→This means that
molecules
of
water
is released during
formation
of each
covalent bonds
DNA is
double strand
while RNA is
single strand
Draw the RNA
nucleotide structure
Types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
formed in the
nucleus
and
transported
to the
ribosome
in the
cytoplasm
tRNA
responsible for
transporting amino acid
to
ribosome
during
protein synthesis
rRNA
forms part of ribosomes
RNA nucleotides are linked by
condensation reaction
→ this forms a
phosphodiester
bond between
pentose sugar
and
phosphate group
Each DNA polynucleotides have
3'
end to
5'
end
DNA molecules
held together by
hydrogen bonds
Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine are
complementary base pairng