Defence mechanisms

• Repression : forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind
• Denial : refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
• Displacement : transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion on to a substitute target
• What did Freud suggest about the unconscious mind?

  It is merely the tip of a vast storehouse of biological influences on behavior and personality.
• What types of memories does the unconscious contain according to Freud?

  Threatening and disturbing memories that have been repressed or forgotten.
• How can repressed memories be accessed according to Freud?

  During dreams or through 'slips of the tongue', known as parapraxes.
• What is an example of a parapraxis given by Freud?

  Calling a female teacher 'mum' instead of 'miss'.
• What is the id according to Freud's description of personality?

  The primitive part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle.
• What role does the ego play in Freud's model of personality?

  The ego balances the conflicting demands of the id and the superego.
• What are defense mechanisms in Freud's theory?

  Unconscious strategies that help the ego prevent being overwhelmed by threats or traumas.
• What is a potential downside of using defense mechanisms according to Freud?

  They often involve some form of distortion of reality and are regarded as psychologically unhealthy.