lesson 1!2

• How did Edward B. Tylor define culture?


  "That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
• What is the essence of socialization according to Campbell (2004)?

  • Students identify with certain groups.
  • Experience a feeling of belongingness.
  • Groups provide motivation.
• What does cultural identity consist of?

  A prevailing set of beliefs, values, customs, traditions, laws, etc., which bind a group.
• What are distinct characteristics that set a particular group apart called?

  Identity
• How is cultural identity defined?

  The identity or feeling of belonging to a group, part of a person's self-conception and self-perception.
• What are some factors that contribute to cultural identity?

  • Locality
  • Nationality
  • Religion
  • Any kind of social group
  • Ethnicity
  • Social class
  • Generation
• What does cultural awareness refer to?

  The ability to recognize the different beliefs, values, and customs based on an individual's origins.
• What does cultural background consist of?

  The ethnic, religious, racial, gender, linguistic, or other socioeconomic factors and values that shape an individual’s upbringing.
• What is the definition of gender?

  The personal traits and social roles of the male and female members of society.
• How is sexuality defined?

  The state of being either masculine or feminine.
• What are the components of socio-economic status?


  • Level of social standing
  • Financial position in society
  • Status from sociological and economic perspectives
• What is the definition of ethnicity?

  A condition in which a social group belongs to a common national or cultural tradition.
• What is an example of an ethnic group mentioned in the material?


  The Ibanags, numbering around half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela.
• What is a food taboo?

  A prohibition against consuming certain foods.
• What influences Philippine cuisine?

  • Malay
  • Spanish
  • Arab
  • Indian
  • Japanese
  • Chinese
  • American
• What is the staple food in the Philippines?

  Rice
• What are common cooking methods in the Philippines?

  • Frying
  • Grilling
  • Sautéing
  • Boiling
• What dishes are considered taboos in the Philippines?

  Any dish that has dog or cat meat.
• What does Philippine Republic Act No. 8485 declare?


  It is illegal to slaughter a dog or cat for personal or commercial trade and consumption.
• What types of food are considered unacceptable due to public opinion?

  Any food that violates human dignity, such as "double-dead meat" or "pagpag".
• What types of meat are prohibited due to being endangered?

  Meat of monkeys, tortoises, monitor lizards, or rare birds.
• Which religious groups do not eat pork?

  Muslims, some Protestants, and 7th-day Adventists.
• What does the standby (istambay) phenomenon refer to?

  A person who does not have work and usually hangs out on street corners.
• What is a political dynasty?

  • Families whose members are engaged in politics.
  • Have been part of the Philippine political structure historically.