Biology - Circulatory System (topic 1)

• What waste product moves out of the cells and into the blood?


  Carbon dioxide
• How are capillaries adapted for their function?

  Capillaries have thin walls and pass very close to body cells, allowing efficient exchange of oxygen and waste products.
• What substances move out of the blood and into the cells?

  Food and oxygen
• How are arteries adapted for their function?

  Arteries have thick layers of muscle that make them strong and able to cope with high pressure, and they have elastic fibers that allow them to stretch and spring back.
• How are veins adapted for their function?

  Veins have a thinner wall and wider cross-section than arteries, and they have valves to prevent backflow due to low pressure.
• What is the double circulatory system in humans?

  • Right side: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen.
  • Blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
  • Left side: Pumps oxygenated blood to all other organs.
  • Blood gives up oxygen at body cells and returns as deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• What is the role of the right ventricle in the circulatory system?

  The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• What is the role of the left ventricle in the circulatory system?

  The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs of the body.
• What happens to blood after it gives up its oxygen at the body cells?

  The deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again.
• What are the three main types of blood vessels in the circulatory system?

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• What is the function of the pulmonary artery?


  The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• What is the function of the vena cava?

  The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
• What is the function of the aorta?

  The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
• What are the key components of the heart's structure?

  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Heart valves
  • Tendons attached to valves and heart wall
• How does the flow of oxygenated blood differ from deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system?

  Oxygenated blood flows from the heart to the body, while deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the heart and then to the lungs.