Oral Diseases

• What is the focus of the new topic "prevention of oral diseases I"?

  It focuses on the etiology and pathogenesis of tooth soft and hard tissue diseases.
• What is the focus of the new topic "prevention of oral diseases I"?

  It focuses on the etiology and pathogenesis of tooth soft and hard tissue diseases.
• What does the term "etiology" refer to in the context of oral diseases?

  Etiology refers to the causes of diseases.
• How is "pathogenesis" defined in relation to tooth diseases?

  Pathogenesis describes how diseases develop.
• What are the key factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries?

  • Etiology:
  • Bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans)
  • Fermentable carbohydrates
  • Susceptible tooth surface
  • Time
  • Pathogenesis:
  • Acid production by bacteria
  • Demineralization of enamel
  • Progression to dentin
• What are the key factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases?

  • Etiology:
  • Bacterial plaque
  • Genetic factors
  • Systemic diseases
  • Smoking
  • Pathogenesis:
  • Bacterial invasion
  • Inflammatory response
  • Destruction of periodontal tissues
• What are the key factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental erosion?

  • Etiology:
  • Acidic foods/drinks
  • Gastric acid reflux
  • Environmental factors
  • Pathogenesis:
  • Acid exposure
  • Dissolution of enamel and dentin
  • Loss of tooth structure
• What is the first step in formulating a diagnosis for oral conditions?

  Collecting data, including patient history, clinical examination, and diagnostic tests.
• What is the purpose of differential diagnosis in formulating a diagnosis?

  Differential diagnosis involves systematically ruling out conditions to arrive at the most likely diagnosis.
• What are the steps involved in diagnosing tooth pain?

  1. Main complaint: Severe tooth pain
  2. Possible diagnoses:

  • Dental caries
  • Pulpitis
  • Cracked tooth
  • Periodontal abscess

  1. Differential diagnosis:

  • Pain triggered by hot/cold → likely pulpitis
  • Pain on biting → possible cracked tooth
  • Swelling present → possible abscess
• What modern diagnostic method provides immediate high-resolution images with reduced radiation exposure?

  Digital radiography.
• What is the primary use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry?

  It offers 3D imaging of oral structures and is useful for complex cases and implant planning.
• How do intraoral cameras assist in dental practice?


  They allow detailed visualization of oral tissues and help in patient education and treatment planning.
• What is the function of laser fluorescence devices in dentistry?

  They detect early caries lesions.
• What is the purpose of salivary diagnostics in oral health?

  They analyze biomarkers in saliva to indicate risk for periodontal disease or oral cancer.
• What are the key prophylactic techniques for oral diseases?

  1. Oral hygiene instruction
  2. Professional cleaning
  3. Dietary counseling
  4. Fissure sealants
  5. Fluoride therapy
  6. Antimicrobial treatments
• What is the most effective prophylactic measure for preventing pit and fissure caries in newly erupted permanent molars?

  Application of fissure sealants.
• Why are fissure sealants considered more effective than high-fluoride toothpaste for preventing caries in the pits and fissures of newly erupted molars?

  Fissure sealants provide a physical barrier in hard-to-clean areas of the tooth.
• What are the treatment methods for oral diseases based on patient age and needs?


  • Children: Prevention, behavior management, space maintainers
  • Adolescents: Orthodontics, diet education, sports dentistry
  • Adults: Restorative treatments, periodontal treatments, cosmetic options
  • Elderly: Xerostomia management, denture care, systemic health considerations
  • Patients with special needs: Adapted hygiene instructions, sedation options, regular preventive care
• What is a key consideration for treating elderly patients with oral diseases?

  Management of xerostomia (dry mouth).
• What is an important aspect of treatment for patients with special needs in dentistry?

  Providing adapted oral hygiene instructions and sedation options for dental procedures.
• What are the key considerations for treatment methods based on patient age and needs?

  Treatment methods vary depending on the patient's age and specific needs.
• What are the treatment methods for children regarding oral diseases?

  • Focus on prevention: sealants, fluoride treatments
  • Behavior management techniques
  • Space maintainers for premature loss of primary teeth
• What are the treatment methods for adolescents regarding oral diseases?

  • Orthodontic treatments
  • Education on the impact of diet and lifestyle on oral health
  • Sports dentistry (mouthguards)
• What are the treatment methods for adults regarding oral diseases?

  • Restorative treatments: fillings, crowns, bridges
  • Periodontal treatments
  • Cosmetic dentistry options
• What are the treatment methods for the elderly regarding oral diseases?

  • Management of xerostomia (dry mouth)
  • Denture care and maintenance
  • Consideration of systemic health conditions
• What are the treatment methods for patients with special needs regarding oral diseases?

  • Adapted oral hygiene instructions
  • Sedation options for dental procedures
  • Regular preventive care
• What is the most appropriate treatment approach for a 70-year-old patient with loose dentures and dry mouth?

  Denture adjustment or replacement, combined with xerostomia management
• What are the key components of gathering anamnesis and completing a medical card in dental practice?

  Patient identification, chief complaint, medical history, dental history, social history, review of systems, and documentation.
• What information is included in patient identification during anamnesis?

  • Name
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Occupation
  • Contact information
• What should be documented as the chief complaint in anamnesis?

  • Reason for visit in patient's own words
  • Duration and severity of symptoms
• What details are included in the medical history section of anamnesis?

  • Current and past medical conditions
  • Medications and allergies
  • Family history of relevant conditions
• What should be documented in the dental history section of anamnesis?

  • Previous dental treatments
  • Oral hygiene habits
  • Frequency of dental visits
• What is included in the social history section of anamnesis?

  • Smoking and alcohol consumption
  • Diet and lifestyle factors
• What does the review of systems entail in anamnesis?

  • Systematic inquiry about other body systems
• What are the key components of proper patient examination techniques?

  1. Extra-oral examination
  2. Intra-oral examination
  3. Special tests
  4. Radiographic examination
  5. Additional diagnostic aids
• What examination technique would be most appropriate to assess the vitality of the pulp in a tooth with sensitivity?

  Pulp vitality testing (e.g., cold test or electric pulp test)
• What are the components of an extra-oral examination?

  • Facial symmetry and profile
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) assessment
  • Lymph node palpation
• What does an intra-oral examination assess?

  • Soft tissue assessment
  • Periodontal evaluation
  • Dental charting
  • Occlusion assessment
• What special tests are performed during a dental examination?

  • Vitality testing for pulp health
  • Percussion and palpation for periapical issues
  • Mobility testing for periodontal health