PPT1: Basic Electric Ideas and Units

• it is a property of matter that results from the presence or movement of electric charge. According to modern theory, matter is electrical in nature.

  Electricity
• it is anything that occupies space and has mass.

  Matter
• it is the smallest particle of an element that is capable of independent existence.

  Atom
• it is the smallest particle of matter (an element or a compound) that is capable of free existence.

  Molecule
• it is a substance that cannot be decomposed any further by chemical action.

  Element
• it is a combination of two or more elements.

  Compound
• it is a material composed of two or more substances, each of which retains its own characteristic properties.

  Mixture
• it is a positively charged particle.

  Proton
• it is negatively charged particle.

  Electron
• it is a particle with neutral charge (no charge).

  Neutron
• it represents the number of protons or electrons of an atom.

  Atomic Number
• it represents the sum of protons and electrons of an atom.

  Atomic mass
• it is an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge resulting from unequal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.

  Ion
• it is an energy level or region about the nucleus of an atom in which electrons move. The atom has 5 shells, namely, the K-shell (first orbit), the L-shell (second orbit), the M-shell (third orbit), the N-shell (fourth orbit) and the O-shell (fifth orbit)


  Shell
• these are materials that allow the essentially free passage of current when

  connected to a battery or other source of electrical energy.

  Electrical Conductors
• these are materials that possess low conductivity or offer a relatively high

  resistance to the flow of electric current. They are also called as dielectrics.


  Electrical Insulators
• these are materials that have conductivity about midway between good

  conductors and good insulators.

  Electric Semiconductors
• it is the motion or transfer of charges from one region of a conductor to another.

  Electric Current
• it is the driving force behind current flow. The unit of voltage is the Volt (V).

  Electric Voltage
• it is the difference in the electric potentials of two charged bodies.

  Electric Potential Difference
• it is the property of a material that limits the amount of flow of current and converts electric energy to heat energy. Its unit is the Ohm (Ω).

  Electric Resistance